Tipitaka >> Sutta Pitaka >> Anguttara Nikaya >> Samyutta Nikaya Changes
Changes to Bhikku B.Bodhi’s Version & Their Explanations.
Connected Discourses (Samyutta Nikaya)
Note : 1. 'c' of Pali word is pronounced as 'ch' as in 'China'
2. sans. means Sanskrit language word
Changes to Bhikku B.Bodhi’s Version & Their Explanations[]
Acknowledgement : Many Thanks to Bhikku B.Bodhi that a complete translation of Samyutta Nikaya is now available to humankind which was not available in modern English based on which this effort has been made.
Need for Changes : The purpose of Buddha’s teachings is cleansing defilements of flesh then spiritual awakening & so breaking the cycle of rebirths i.e liberation(nirvana/moksh). The languages which have developed in west hardly contain words which can fulfill this goal which is literally out of the world i.e. of transcendental nature, whereas local words in India & in eastern countries are rich in these. Hence, when translation of Pali text is done in western languages, the resultant does not fulfil the purpose. Therefore, some words, as given below are used/replaced and sometimes original Pali words are supplied to make things easier to understand & make it useful for all, including for monks , meditators & practitioners of the path of Buddha:
The serial numbers of suttas are changed according to the Pali version pdf provided on this website (from tipitaka.org) to maintain parity.
Table of Changes:
| Old | Change | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|
| acquisitions | acquisitions(upadhi) | of wealth & also of characteristics | |
| aeon | aeon(kappa\kalpa) | Lifecycle of universe(expansion & contraction) | |
| aggregate | aggregate(khandha sans. skandha) | 5 nos, Form(rupa),sensations(vedana),perception(sanna\sangya),volitional conditioning(sanskar) & consciousness(vinnana\vigyan) | |
| appeasement | quenching(upasaman) | used for senses | |
| asuras | asuras(demons) | opposed to angels\gods & at war always | |
| attention | mindful(mansikara) | similar;used in relation to mind & mindfulness | |
| austerity | austerity(tapa) | Tapa;for non-enjoyment & life of meditation | |
| base of neither-perception-nor-nonperception | faculty of neither-perception-nor-nonperception | 8th state of higher samadhi(trance) from 9 | |
| base of nothingness | faculty of nothingness | 7th state of higher samadhi(trance) from 9 | |
| base of the infinity of consciousness | faculty of the infinity of consciousness | 6th state of higher samadhi(trance) from 9 | |
| base of the infinity of space |
faculty of the infinity of space | 5th state of higher samadhi(trance) from 9 | |
| beauty | holy(subh sans. shubh) | subh is used for auspicious or holy instead | |
| Behold | Look at | simplification | |
| bhikkhu | bhikkhu(monk) | Sanskrit word is Bhikshu;most revered among humans, worthy of giving donations | |
| bhikkhuni | bhikkhuni(nun) | Sanskrit word is Bhikshuni;most revered among humans, worthy of giving donations | |
| birth | rebirth | rebirth is most appropriate as the renewed state after death | |
| Blessed One | Lord(Buddha) | Only appropriate word | |
| blind men's grove | Andhavana | ||
| bourn | rebirth | ||
| brahma | brahma(arch-angel) | higher than gods/angels | |
| careful thinking | meditative(yoniso) mindful(manasikara) | mindfulness in meditation | |
| careless thinking | non-meditatively(ayoniso) mindful(manasikara) | worldly thinking of things,people etc. | |
| carnal(for amis) | sinful(amis) | ||
| cessation | cessation(nirodha) | The higher state of meditation when sense reports start getting blocked | |
| clear comprehension | complete comprehension (sampajanna) | Both outer(body) & inner(brain&spine) awareness in samadhi(trance) | |
| clearly comprehending | completely comprehending (sampajano) | Same as above | |
| clinging | clinging(upadana sans. asakti) | to worldly pleasures\emotions | |
| complete cool | complete salvation(parinibbana) | The final state in 9th samadhi | |
| concentrated | in-samadhi(trance)state | related to meditation | |
| concentration | samadhi(trance)state | related to meditation | |
| condition,conditioning | cause(paccaya) | for paccaya | |
| conditionality (causation) |
causation | ||
| conditioned | conditioned(sankhata) or caused(paccaya) | used as per pali word; development of character while interacting with world | |
| conditions | reasons or causes | for paccaya | |
| consciousness | consciousness (vinnana sans. vigyan) | Related to awareness | |
| Consummate | Perfect one(kevali) | sanskrit word is kaivalya state | |
| contact | contact (phassa/sparsh) | when sense object is in contact with sense organ | |
| contemplating | watching - in - meditation (anupassi) on | Observing with equanimity in meditation | |
| contemplating danger | seeing danger(adinav) | ||
| contemplating gratification | seeing enjoyment (assado sans. aswad) | worldly enjoyment leading to binding | |
| contemplation | meditation | meditation practice of stopping thinking but observing phenomenon within | |
| corruption | corruption(upkilesa) | ||
| craving | craving(tanha sans. trishna) | ||
| deathless | deathless-state (nirvana) | Also used for Amata(amrit) | |
| decline | loss(for parihani, hani) | corrected for pali word | |
| delight | delight (nandi\anand) | in worldly enjoyment | |
| deliverance | deliverance (vimokkkha\vimoksha) | ||
| delusion | delusion (moha) | in worldly phenomenon as observing\believing something else other than truth | |
| desire | desire (chand) | for worldly enjoyments | |
| destruction | destruction (khaya\kshaya) | also used for decline | |
| deva,devata | deva,devata (god,angel) | of higher realms | |
| Dhamma | Dhamma(path) | The word can have different meaning also as truth,character,property etc | |
| diligence (for appamada) | alertfulness (appamada) | being alert | |
| direct knowledge | divine-knowledge (abhinna) | Also for spiritual power, explained in SN2.152; See here : Abhinna | |
| discrimination of states | discrimination of states (dhammavicaya) | discerning the phenomena | |
| element | element(dhatu) | i.e. earth(solid), liquid, gaseous, heat & self-aware-mind | |
| energy | energetic strength (viriya) | related to resolute, brave | |
| equanimity | equanimity (Upekkha sans. Upeksha) | non-indulgence in observed things & phenomena | |
| exhort, exhortation | instruct, instruction | Simplification of word | |
| existence | existence (bhavo); factor of existence (bhavo) | the ever changing world | |
| extolled | praised | Simplification of word | |
| fare, faring | stay, dwell; staying, dwelling | ||
| feeling | sensation(vedana) | usage corrected | |
| feeling(for vedyitam) | knowing(vedyitam) | correction | |
| fool | childish (unwise) | for 'Bala' meaning child; milder word suggested to be less offensive | |
| fortitude | strength | simplification | |
| Fortunate One | Fortunate One(Sugato) | for Buddha | |
| gift | donation | ||
| give | donate(dana) | ||
| going forth | going-forth(initiation,pabajja) | Sanskrit word pravarjya | |
| gone forth | gone forth (initiated, pabajjit) | Sanskrit word pravarjyit | |
| gratification | worldly enjoyment(assado sans. aswad) | rooted in the word 'relish' | |
| great hero | Mahavira | for Buddha | |
| happiness | happiness (sukh) | of body | |
| hatred | hatred (dosa\dvesh) | for dislike, disliking | |
| hero | brave one (vir); greatly brave one (mahavir) | ||
| holy life | holy celibate life (brahmacariya) | & also including meditation | |
| homeless | hermit | ascetic life | |
| identity | body identity (sakkaya) | Sanskrit Sat-kaya, identification of oneself with physical body | |
| identity view | body identity view (sakkaya-ditthi) | same as above but with strong belief in it, i.e. materialism, opposite to spiritualism | |
| ignorance | ignorance (avijja sans. avidya) | Not knowing | |
| impermanence | impermanence (anicca sans. anitya) | The central idea of materialism in Buddhism, that all physical & sense observable phenomena are impermanent thus surmountable | |
| impingement | impingement (patigha) | ||
| Insight | Insight (Vipassana meditation) | Vipassana word used, meaning the main technique of meditation using observation with equanimity in order to reveal true nature | |
| kamma | kamma (karma) | The idea that action leads to consequences, it even spans many rebirths\lives | |
| liberation | liberation (vimukti sans. vimukti) | Similar to salvation | |
| light | glow(abha) or light(alok) | ||
| lovingkindness | lovingkindness (metta\maitri) | compassion, goodwill | |
| lust | lust(raag) | of worldly enjoyments | |
| mara | Mara(Satan) | The lord of death,disease & also of wealth & worldly enjoyments | |
| merit | divine merit(punya) | The divine wealth that goes even after death, it accumulation leads to higher states i.e. heaven etc. | |
| mindful | meditative (satima) | word sati is related to meditation , it originates from sanskrit word smriti | |
| mindfully | meditating (sato) or meditative (sato) | another variant of word sati | |
| Mindfulness | meditation (sati) | word sati means meditation in buddhism, originating from sanskrit word smriti | |
| name-and-form | mind and bodyform (namarupa) | used for both as they are intertwined | |
| negligence | slothfulness | for pamada, lazy, not alert | |
| non returner | non-rebirther (anagami) | One who achieved a state of high samadhi which entitles one not to return to earth realm rather gets born in arch-angel then nirvana | |
| oblation | donation(of food) | ||
| once returner | once rebirther (sakdagami) | One who achieved a state of high samadhi which entitles one to return to earth realm once only then gets born in arch-angel then nirvana | |
| ordination | ordination (upsampada) | After initiation | |
| perception | perception (sanna sans. sangya) | Understanding of phenomena | |
| phenomena | phenomena (dhamma) | Use of word dhamma for understanding inner phenomena i.e. good act leads to peace | |
| pleasure and joy | happiness (sukh) and joy(somanassa) | Sukh is bodily happiness & somanassa is mental peace & calmness | |
| proliferation | 6 sensory deception (papanca sans. prapanch/maya) | ||
| pure abodes | pure abodes (suddhavasa) | A type of upper heaven | |
| rapture | bliss (piti/preeti) | inner blissfulness observed in meditation | |
| release | release (mokkha/moksha) | Another usage of salvation | |
| renewed existence | renewed existence (rebirth) | Rebirth is one of the central ideas of Buddhism that all creatures take rebirth(as per their actions\karma) | |
| return | rebirth | same as previous | |
| Revulsion | Revulsion (Nibbida) | of worldly phenomena in order to move to inner spiritual | |
| rise and fall | rise and fall (udaya-bbya) | idea that all material phenomenon change;opposite to aniccha\anitya | |
| sacrifice | fire ceremony (yagna) | The old practice of fire worship | |
| sakka | Sakka (Indra) | The king of angels\gods in heaven of 330 million gods\angels | |
| Sangha | Sangha (fraternity) | of monks | |
| sees | sees (in meditation, passato) | ||
| self-absorption | self absorption (samadhi) | another word for trance state | |
| sensual | sensual (kaam/sexual) | ||
| serenity | serenity (Samatha/equanimity) | similar to equanimity | |
| sign | causative (nimitta) | corrected usage; used for phenomena that cause binding(with worldly) | |
| signless | noncausative (animitta) | opposite to previous | |
| Sire | Lord | ||
| slain | killed | ||
| spiritual power | spiritual power (iddhi\riddhi) | The special spiritual abilities | |
| spiritual(for niramis) | sinless(niramis) | ||
| steed | horse | simplification | |
| taint | defilement | simplification of word | |
| Teacher | Teacher(Sattha) | Another word used for Buddha | |
| ten world systems | ten world systems (dasa loka dhatu) | or ten dimensions of existence which Buddha could observe | |
| thing, things | dhamma (path, attribute, law), dhammas | Another usage of word dhamma; now corrected | |
| Thus have I heard | Thus have I heard (from Buddha, says Ananda) | Phrase 'Eva mei sutam' which Ananda used before every lecture heard from Buddha | |
| tie ties | chains, bondage bonds | ||
| tranquillity | tranquility (passaddhi\ prashrabdhi) | The stillness of body, emotions & mind before arise of samadhi(trance) state | |
| unconcentrated | not in samadhi (trance) state | ||
| unconditioned | unconditioned (asankhata) | Actions that do not lead to binding\change in character | |
| underlying tendency | underlying tendency (Anuseti sans. anushay) | related to hidden intentions | |
| unification of mind | singularity of mind(ekodibhavam) | unwavering mind | |
| unwholesome | harmful (akusala sans. akushal) | ||
| vanishing | decline (for vaya, khaya) | ||
| virtue | virtue(sheel) | morality such as non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, non-intoxication & non-sex | |
| volition | cognitive awareness (cetana) | for sancetana/cetana | |
| volitional formations | sankhara (compulsive behavior conditioning) | Phenomena of change in character\behavior due to karma(actions) | |
| wander mindfully | remain meditative(sati) | ||
| wanderer | ascetic | correction of usage | |
| wholesome | beneficial (kusala sans. kushal) | Usage corrected | |
| wisdom | illuminated insight (panna) | That which arises in meditation especially the perceived glow of self-illumination within brain & spine, appearance of which leads to subduing of all wrong traits(sankharas sans. sanskar) |
pdf File:File:SN Changes-saved.pdf