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Adapted from the Translation by T. W. Rhys Davids & Hermann Oldenberg
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THE MAHAVAGGA
REVERENCE TO THE LORD BUDDHA, THE HOLY ONE, THE FULLY ENLIGHTENED ONE
FIRST KHANDHAKA(THE FORMATION OF THE ORDER OF BHIKKHUS)
Chapter-1: Knowing Paticchasamuppada-Chain of Causation Under the Bodhi Tree.
1. At that time the Great Buddha dwelt at Uruvela, on the bank of the river Neranjara at the foot of the Bodhi tree (tree at BodhGaya), just after he had become Sambuddha(Fully Enlightened). And the Great Buddha sat cross-legged at the foot of the Bodhi tree uninterruptedly during seven days, enjoying the bliss of enlightenment (in trance state).
2. PATICCHASAMUPPADA (Chain of Causation)
Then the Lord Buddha (at the end of these seven days) during the first watch of the night fixed his mind upon the Chain of Causation(Paticchasamuppadam), in direct and in reverse order:
Avijjā paccayā saṅkhārā,
saṅkhāra paccayā viññāṇaṃ,
viññāṇa paccayā nāmarūpaṃ,
nāmarūpa paccayā saḷāyatanaṃ,
saḷāyatana paccayā phasso,
phassa paccayā vedanā,
vedanā paccayā taṇhā,
taṇhā paccayā upādānaṃ,
upādāna paccayā bhavo,
bhava paccayā jāti,
jāti paccayā jarā maraṇaṃ soka parideva dukkha domanassupāyāsā sambhavanti – evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.
'Non-knowledge(of enlightenment/trance state) causes production of the samkharas (wrong habits/tendencies),
The samkharas causes (existence of ordinary)Consciousness,
Consciousness causes NamRupam(mind & body to work),
NamRupam causes the working of six Senses (mind,touch,eyesight,ear,nose,tongue),
Six Senses cause (happening of) Contact(with sense objects) ,
Contact causes Sensation(within body),
Sensation causes Craving (or Desire),
Craving causes Attachment(with sense objects, people etc),
Attachment causes Existence of Becoming(eg. pulling force),
Existence of Becoming leads to Birth(or rebirth after death),
Birth causes(or leads to) Old-Age (,disease) and Death, grief, lamentation, suffering, dejection, and despair.
Such is the origination of this whole mass of suffering.'
Avijjāyatveva asesavirāga nirodhā saṅkhāra nirodho,
saṅkhāra nirodhā viññāṇa nirodho,
viññāṇa nirodhā nāmarūpa nirodho,
nāmarūpa nirodhā saḷāyatana nirodho,
saḷāyatana nirodhā phassa nirodho,
phassa nirodhā vedanā nirodho,
vedanā nirodhā taṇhā nirodho,
taṇhā nirodhā upādāna nirodho,
upādāna nirodhā bhava nirodho,
bhava nirodhā jāti nirodho,
jāti nirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti – evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī’’ti.
'By the elimination of Non-knowledge(of enlightenment/trance state), which consists of the complete absence of lust(wants), the samkharas(habits/tendencies) are stopped,
by cessation of the samkharas, the (ordinary)Consciousness is stopped,
by cessation of the Consciousness, the NamRupam(mind & body awareness) is stopped,
by cessation of the NamRupam, the six Senses(sense awareness) are stopped,
by cessation of the six Senses, the Contact(with sense objects) is stopped,
by cessation of the Contact, the Sensation(within body) is stopped,
by cessation of the Sensation, the Craving(desire) is stopped,
by cessation of the Craving, the Attachment(with sense objects,people etc.)is stopped,
by cessation of the Attachment, the Existence(cause of becoming) is stopped,
by cessation of the Existence, the Birth is stopped,
by cessation of the Birth, Old Age ,Death, grief, lamentation, suffering, dejection, and despair are stopped.
Such is the cessation of this whole mass of suffering.'
3. Knowing this the Lord Buddha then on that occasion pronounced this solemn utterance:
'When the Dhamma (real nature of things/phenomenon)
becomes clear to the ardent meditating Brahmana(wise one),
then all his doubts fade away,
since he realizes the beneficient Dhamma (nature and what its cause).'
4. Then the Lord Buddha during the middle watch of the night fixed his mind upon the Chain of Causation, in direct and reverse order: 'Ignorance causes the samkharas, &c. Such is the origination of this whole mass of suffering, &c. Such is the cessation of this whole mass of suffering.'
5. Knowing this the Lord Buddha then on that occasion pronounced this solemn utterance:
'When the Dhamma (real nature of things/phenomenon)
becomes clear to the ardent, meditating Brahmana(wise one),
then all his doubts fade away,
since he has understood the cessation of causation
leading to the state beyond sensations(blissful trance state).'
6. Then the Lord Buddha during the third watch of the night fixed his mind,upon the Chain of Causation, in direct and reverse order: 'Ignorance causes the samkharas, &c. Such is the origination of this whole mass of suffering, &c. Such is the cessation of this whole mass of suffering.' &c.
7. Knowing this the Lord Buddha then on that occasion pronounced this solemn utterance:
'When the Dhamma (real nature of things/phenomenon)
becomes clear to the ardent, meditating Brahmana(wise one),
he stands, dispelling the hosts of Mara(lord of death, disease, ignorance),
like the Sun that illuminates the sky.'
Here ends the account of what passed under the Bodhi tree.
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