Glossary

This Glossary is created to help clarifying some translation issues of the Tipitaka. Also, this is a good start for searching if you are looking for some technical terms.

We realize that there is no standard way to translate the Tipitaka, as scholars could never settle on any translation. For example, the famous term Dukka is generally translated suffering, but some scholars prefer oppression, dissatisfaction, or disease. So, this Glossary is a starting point for us in unifying and standardize the Tipitaka translation.

How to use the glossary

This Glossary is in alphabetical order. However, some alphabets might not yet been added to the list due to the lack of terms in with the alphabets.

Searching Wikipitaka always include this glossary. So, if you come to this page through searching, you might want to look at your keyword in the glossary to get some more keywords for further search.

Credits

Glossary is adapted from Dictionary of Buddhism: Thai-English by P.A. Payutto. This dictionary also has a list of Thai words, but it also has Pali root and English translations. Many Sanskrit words are added to help many people who understand Sanskrit like languages such as Hindi etc.

Glossary of Pali Terminology

Abbreviations used :

adj.	Adjective
v.	verb
lit.	Literally
*	newly coined Pali term
{mis.}	Misleading
{T.}	in Thai usage
n.	Noun

Note : c is pronounced as ch as in China unless otherwise specified.

A

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Abbhanjati	-	v. to anoint; n. anointment.
Abbhukkirati, Sincati	;Sinchati , 'ch' as in china	v. to sprinkle.
Abboharika	-	insignificant; negligible; ineffective.
Abhidhamma	abhi dharma	The Higher Doctrine; Further Dhamma; the analytic doctrine of the Buddhist Canon; books containing the ultimate/final meaning of Buddha's teaching.
Abhidhammabhanana*	-	funeral chanting {of Abhidhamma excerpts}; requiem chanting.
Abhidhammapitaka	Abhidharma pitaka	The Abhidhamma Pitaka; the third and the final basket/collection of the higher doctrine containing the ultimate/final meaning of Buddha's teaching.
Abhijjha	-	covetousness.
Abhinna	abhi gyan	{five or six kinds of} Higher Knowledge; Superknowledges; Supernormal Powers; higher psychic powers.
Abhisamacara	~acharan	higher training in proper conduct; higher practice of the train- ing; rules about decent conduct; specialized or minor precepts.
Abhisamaya	-	attainment; realization; penetration.
Abhisambodhi	-	the supreme enlightenment.
Abhisameti; Papunati; Sacchikaroti	-	to attain; realize; reach; achieve; experience for oneself.
Abhivada	Abhivadan	to bow to the ground; to pay respect by making the five-point prostration; to prostrate.
Abhivadanacela*	abhivadan~	cloth for placing the forehead on when bowing down; prostrating cloth.
Abyakata; Avyakata	Avyakta	adj. unexplained; inexplicable; indeterminate; neutral; unexplained.
Abyapada	-	non-hatred; absence of ill-will; loving-kindness.
acara	aachar;acharan; 'ch' as in china	conduct; behaviour.
acariya	acharya ; 'ch' as in china	a teacher; regular instructor.
Acchariya	-	adj. wonderful; marvellous; astonishing; exceptional; extraordinary;{T.} genius.
acinnakamma	-	habitual kamma; habitual act. honesty; integrity.
Acinteyya	achinteyya; 'ch' as in china	the {four} unthinkables.
Addhapallankanisajja	-	v. to sit flat with both legs tucked back to one side; sit sideways.
adesanapatihariya	adeshana pratiharya	miraculous ability of mind-reading , knowing & changing other people's behaviour by command{adesh} ; marvel of thought- reading & making it change.
Adhamma	adharma	misconduct; unrighteousness; injustice; false doctrine. adj. unjust;unrighteous.
Adhicittasikkha	adhik chitta siksha; 'ch' as in china	training in higher mentality; mental discipline.
Adhikamasa	-	intercalary month; {a year with} an extra eighth lunar month.
Adhikarana	-	a case; question; affair; lawsuit; dispute; disciplinary case of dispute; legal process; legal question.
Adhikaranasamatha	-	settling of a case, a question, a dispute or a lawsuit; transaction; settlement of legal processes.
Adhikarapatta*	adhikar patra	certificate of appointment; credentials; eccl. warrant.
Adhikasuradina*	-	{T.} intercalary solar day; {a year with} an extra day {29 February}.
Adhikavara	-	intercalary lunar day; {a year with} an extra day {15th of the seventh waning moon}.
Adhimokkha	-	determination; resolution; conviction.
Adhipannasikkha	adhik pragya siksha	training in higher direct wisdom/ direct knowledge/ experiential knowledge.
Adhipateyya	adhipatya	1. supremacy. 2.{T.} sovereignty.
Adhisilasikkha	adhik sheel siksha	training in higher morality.
Adhitthana	adhishtthan	resolve; decision; resolution; determination. v. to determine {a robe or a bowl} for regular personal use.
Adhitthitacivara
the determined robes; the three robes determined for regular personal use.
adibrahmacariya	adi brahmacharya	rudiments of the training in the Holy celibate Life; fundamentals of the Sublime Life; fundamental or major precepts.
adikammika	-	1. name of the first main division of the Vinaya Pitaka. 2. the beginner; the first transgressor; the first doer.
adinava, vajja, dosa	-	fault; blemish; defect; corruption; depravity; disadvantage.
Adinnadana	-	taking what is not given; stealing.
Adosa	advesh	non-hatred; non-anger; amity; hatelessness.
Adukkhamasukha	Adukkham asukha	neither sorrow nor happiness; indifferent feeling. adj. neither painful nor pleasurable.
agantuka	agantuk	a guest; new-comer; stranger.
Agati	Agati	wrong way of behaviour; prejudice; bias.
Aggasavaka	agra shavak	the most distinguished disciples; {the two} Chief Disciples, i.e. Sariputta and Mahamoggallana
aghata	aghaat	malice; hatred; revengefulness.
Agocara	agochara; 'ch' as in china	wrong pasture; wrong resort; non-resorts for alms; improper haunts; evil haunts.
Ahamkara	ahankar	lit. the making of the utterance I; egoity; egotism; ego-consciousness; the concept of 'I'; 'I'-making; {T.} arrogance; haughtiness; being proud; false pride.
ahara	ahara	food; nutriment.
Ahetukaditthi	ahetu drishti	lit. the theory of causelessness; the theory that there is no cause of a phenomenon; doctrine of non-causality.
Ahimsa, Avihimsa	ahinsa	non-violence; non-harming; inoffensiveness; non- injury.
Ahosikamma	~karma	defunct kamma; an act or thought which has no longer any potential force.
ajivaka	-	a kind of non-Buddhist ascetics, mostly naked.
ajivaparisuddhisila	Ajivika Parishuddhi Sheel	discipline as regards purity of livelihood; Purity of Conduct connected with Livelihood.
Akalamarana	akal maran	untimely death.
Akaraniyakicca	akaraniya kritya	deed which should not be done; improper action; unbefitting action.
akasa	akash	space
akasanancayatana	akash ananta ayatana	the Sphere of Unbounded Space; the Realm of Infinity of Space.
Akatannu	akritagya	ungrateful.
akincannayatana	Akinchana ayatana; 'ch' as in china	the Sphere {or Realm} of Nothingness.
Akiriyaditthi	akriya drishti	lit. the theory of non-action; the theory that there is no after-effect of action; view of the inefficacy of action.
Akkodha	akrodha	non-anger; freedom from hatred.
Akusala	akushal	adj. unwholesome; harmful; demeritorious; immoral; kammically unwholesome; unskilful. n. demerit; bad action.
Akusalacitta	akushal chitta; 'ch' as in china	demeritorious thought, harmful mind; immoral consciousness; sinful mind.
Akusalakamma	akushal karma	an evil action; harmful deed; unwholesome action; sinful deed.
Akusalakammapatha	Akushal Karma Path	{the ten-fold} way of bad action; unwholesome/harmful course of action.
Akusalamula	akushal mool	{the three} roots of evil; the roots of bad actions; kammically unwholesome roots; demeritorious roots.
Akusalavitakka	akushal vitark	unwholesome thought, harmful thinking; sinful thoughts.
Alajji	alajjit	shameless monk; immoral monk.
Alobha	Alobha	non-greed; greedlessness; liberality; generosity.
Amata	Amrit	the deathless state {nirvana/moksha}; immortal state ; ambrosia{due to blissful};Nibbana; immortal; the ninth {final} state of samadhi/trance.
Amisa	Aamish	food; flesh; materiality; material things. adj. material; physical; carnal.
amisadana	Aamish Daan	donation of requisites {i.e. food, lodging, etc.}; material gifts.
Amoha	Amoha	non-delusion; wisdom; knowledge; undeludedness; experiencing samadhi/enlightenment state.
Amsa	ansh	1. a part; side. 2. shoulder. 3.{T.} shoulder piece; chest cloth; the sleeveless one-shouldered singlet of a monk.
Amulhavinaya	-	verdict of past insanity.
Anabhijjha	-	non-covetousness; non-avarice.
Anagami	-	a Non-Returner; one who has attained the third stage of progress. This is achieved after experience of 8th samadhi/trance state after which one will not be reborn on earth, rather one will be reborn only once in upper-heaven{brahmaloka} among arch-angels{brahmas} there.
Anagamimagga	anagami marg	the Path of Never-Returning; the Path of the Non- Returner {see above}.
Anagamiphala	-	the Fruit of Never-Returning; the Result of the Non-Returner {see anagami above}.
Anagarika	Anagarika	lit. a homeless one; one who enters the homeless/ascetic life without formally entering the Sangha{order}.
Anagatavattu*	-	a prophet.
anapanasati	Aan Apan Smriti	Name of an initial meditation practice regarding mindfulness/attention/awareness on in & out breathing; mindfulness regarding breathing; {Buddha became fully enlightened using this very meditation, though later he developed the higher types called Vipassana etc.}
Anatta	anatmta	adj. no-soul; soulless; not-self. n. non-self; non-ego.
Anattata	anatmata	soullessness; egolessness.
Andaja	andaja	egg-born creatures; the oviparous.
Anesana	-	wrong way of earning one's living; improper search; improper livelihood.
Anga	Anga	organ; factor; constituent.
Angara	Angara	1. charcoal; ashes. 2. ash; the ashes, especially of the Buddha.
Anguttaranikaya	Anguttara Nikaya	the collection of discourses arranged in accordance with number; Adding-One Collection; Collection of Numerical Sayings; the Book of the Gradual Sayings; name of the fourth main division of the Sutta Pitaka.
Anicca	Anitya	adj. impermanent; transient; changing.
Aniccata	anityata	impermanence; transiency.
anisamsa	-	profit; merit; good result; advantage.
Anittharammana	-	unpleasant or unagreeable object.
Aniyata	aniyat	Indefinite Rules; undetermined offence.
Anjalim karoti	Anjalim karoti	v. to lift the joined palms as a token of reverence; put the hands together {at the chest or forehead} in salutation.
Anta	Ant	extremes {the two extremes}.
Antagahikaditthi	ant gahika drishti	{the ten} views taking extreme sides; the view of the extremist; extremist view.
Antaravasaka	antara vastra	inner garment; the undergarment of a Buddhist monk, nun or novice;the under robe.
Antevasika	Ante vasika	lit. one who lives in; a monk who lives under his teacher; a pupil; apprentice.
Antimavatthu	-	an extreme offence; ultimate or worst transgression; Defeat; Parajika offence.
Anubyanjana	Anuvyanjan	subsidiary characteristics.
Anucara	Anuchar; 'ch' as in china	follower; attendant; companion; accompanier; retainer; retinue; entourage.
Anuloma	Anulom	conforming; in proper order; in forward order.
Anumodana	Anumodan	1. thanks-giving; chanting the holy stanzas of blessings. 2. rejoice; approval; appreciation; con- gratulation.
Anupadinnaka	-	adj. not grasped by craving or false view; kammically ungrasped.
Anupadisesa-nibbana	-	Nibbana without any remainder of physical existence; Nibbana without the Five Aggregates remaining.
Anupannatti	-	auxiliary regulation; supplementary rule; additional rule.
Anupasampanna	-	one who has not yet received the full ordination; novices and the laity; unordained one.
Anupubbikatha	-	a gradual instruction; graduated sermon; regulated exposition of the ever more valued and sublime subjects.
Anurakkhanapadhana	anurakshan~	the effort to maintain or augment arisen good.
Anusasana	Anushashan	advice; instruction, discipline.
Anusasanacariya	anushashan acharya; 'ch' as in china	a chaplain; minister; religious or moral instructor for discipline.
Anusasanipatihariya	Anushashani-pratiharya	the miracle of teaching/guiding/convincing another person ; the wonder worked by the instruction {of the Dhamma}.
Anusavana	-	announcement; proclamation.
Anusavanacariya	-	ordination-proclaiming teacher; {Second} Ordination- Teacher.
Anusaya	anushay	latent dispositions; underlying tendencies; {the seven} Evil Inclinations or Biases.
Anussati	anu smriti	constant mindfulness/awareness in meditation; {the ten} Reflections; recollection.
Anutika	Anu tika	a sub-subcommentary.
Anuvadadhikarana	-	legal questions concerning accusations.
Apacayana	-	reverence; humility.
Apacayanamaya	-	{merit} to be gained through being humble or respectful.
Apadana	-	Lives of Arahants; name of the thirteenth division of the Khuddaka Nikaya.
Apalokana	avalokan	v. to look towards for approval; consult; obtain an approval by consultation.
Apalokanakamma	avalokan karma	the act of obtaining consent or permission by consultation.
Aparapariyavedaniya-kamma	-	indefinitely effective kamma/karma to be known.
apattadhikarana	Apatti Adikarana	legal questions concerning offences; legal processes concerning committed offences, the awarding of them and the atonement for them.
apatti	apatti	a religious offence; offence.
apattidesana	apatti desana	the confession of an offence. v. to confess an offence.
Apaya	Apaya	state of loss and woe; unhappy existence; sorrowful ways; rebirth as animal, peta(preta), asura(demon) or in hell.
Apayabhumi	Apaya bhumi	{the four} planes of loss and woe; {the four} states of misery; {the four} lower worlds; unhappy existence(see previous).
Apayamukha	Apaya-mukh	cause of ruin; ways of squandering wealth; ruinous ways of life; vicious ways of conduct.
apodhatu	apo dhatu	lit. the liquid element; fluidity; water; cohesion; the element of cohesion.
Appamada	apramad	Non-sloth; alertfulness; attentive; mindful; non-negligence; zeal; diligence; earnestness; carefulness.
Appamanna	apramana	the Unbounded States; the Illimitables.
Appanasamadhi	-	fixed self absorption/trance; established self absorption/trance; full self absorption/trance; attainment-self absorption/trance.
Appicchata	-	paucity of wishes; frugality; desiring little; simplicity.
Arahanta Arahat	Arihant	Supremely enlightened like Buddha; one who has attained Nibbana/moksha; an Arahant; Arahat; worthy one; the Holy One; perfected one;
Arahantaghata	Arihant-ghatak	the murder of an Arahant, of supremely enlightened(highest offence in universe) .
Arahattamagga	arihant marg	the Path of the Worthy One; the Path of Arahatship; path of supreme enlightenment leading to nibbana {see Arahanta}.
Arahattaphala	arihant phal	the Fruit of the Worthy One; the final stage of holiness; final freedom; supreme enlightenment or nibbana(moksha) ; freedom from rebirths {see Arahanta}.
arakkhasampada	arakkhsha-sampada	the achievement of protection; to be endowed with wariness or watchfulness.
Arama, Vihara	Aram, Vihar	Wat; a monastery; temple monastery;{mis.} temple; place of stay for monks.
aramavatthu, Viharavatthu	-	monastery compound.
aramika, aramika-kumara, Bhikkhusissa, Dahararamika, Kappiyakaraka	Bhiksu-shishya	monastery boy; monastery pupil; temple boy; a monk's pupil; attendant.
arammana	-	sense-objects; an object of consciousness.
Arannavasi	aranya vasi	one who dwells in the forest; forest-dwelling monk; the forest order.
Ariyadhana	Arya dhan	the sublime treasure; noble treasure; noble wealth; foremost/supreme wealth; spiritual wealth is meant here such as divine merit/punya & knowledge of Arihants.
Ariyamagga	Arya marg	1. the {four} Noble/Supreme Paths {as taught by Buddhas} leading to nirvana {liberation}; Sublime Paths of the Holy Life. 2. the Noble {Eightfold} Path .
Ariyaphala	arya phal	the {four} Noble/Supreme Fruits ; Fruits of the holy celibate life {of meditation} lived as taught by Buddhas leading to enlightenment /Nirvana /Arihant state and may be with attainment of various magical powers {see Samannaphala Sutta in Dighanikaya }.
Ariyapuggala	Arya purusha	a noble/supreme individual; holy person; Enlightened; Arihants.
Ariyasacca	arya satya	the Noble/Supreme Truth; {Cattari Ariyasaccani} the Four Noble Truths; the Four Holy Truths; 1. Sorrow{Dukkha} exists in world 2. Its cause craving of transient(anicca/anitya) worldly 3. Its end exists (nirodha) 4. Its path exists(Ariyamagga of Buddhas).
Arupajhana	aroop dhyan	the {four} Absorptions of the Formless Sphere.
Arupaloka	aroop lok	the formless world; the world of the formless; the Formless Realms; the Immaterial Sphere.
Aruparaga	aroop raag	desire for life in the formless worlds; greed for the formless; greed for immaterial existence; attachment to formless realms.
Arupavacara	aroop vachara; 'ch' as in china	adj. belonging to the Formless Plane.
Arupavacarabhumi	aroop vachara bhumi; 'ch' as in china	the Formless Plane; Formless Sphere; Immaterial Sphere.
Asadisadana	Asadhya daan	Unparalleled Gift; incomparable alms-giving.
asalhapuja	Asadh Puja	worship on the full-moon day of the asalha month {the eighth lunar month} in commemoration of the First Sermon and the foundation of the Buddhist order.
Asankhatadhamma	-	that which is not conditioned by any cause; the Unconditioned; Nibbana/Nirvana/Moksha i.e. liberated nirvana state is beyond conditioning, it cannot be modified.
Asankheyya	asankhya	incalculable.
asannakamma	Aasann karma	death-proximate kamma; a kamma done immediately before death; proximate kamma.
asava	Aasav	mental intoxication or defilement; worldly influxes; accumulation; outflows; corruption; canker; taint; pollution.
asavakkhayanana	Asav Kshaya Gyan	the knowledge of the cessation of mental intoxication; knowledge of the destruction of cankers; knowledge that the outflows are extinct.
Asekha	Ashishya	one who does not require any further training; an Arahant who attained Nirvana; the adept
Assada	Aswad	enjoyment; attraction; satisfaction; gratification; advantage.
Assasa	Ashwas	in-breathing; inhalation.
Asubha	ashubh	1. ugly; loathsome. n. loathsomeness; impurity. 2. a corpse.
Asurakaya	-	the plane of Asura demons; demons
Atekiccha	ati kritya	adj. incurable; unamendable; irremediable. n. the four major offences, called Parajika, which entail expulsion from the Order.
Atimana	ati maan	pride; arrogance; contempt; disdain; scorn.
Atirekacivara	atireka cheevar; 'ch' as in china	an extra robe.
Atirekalabha	atirek labh	extra acquisitions.
Atitabhava	ateeta bhava	a previous birth; former life.
Atithibali	Atithi bali	offering to guests; reception.
Atta, Jiva	atma	1. self; soul; atma; atman; ego; personal entity. 2. mind; the whole personality.
Attabhava	aatmbhav	personality; individuality.
Attadhipateyya	aatmadhipati	self-dependence; self-reliance; supremacy of self; dominant influence by oneself {or by self-regard}.
Attakilamathanuyoga	-	Self-Mortification; the constant attachment to Self-Mortification.
Attannuta	atma~	the quality of one who knows oneself; knowing oneself.
Attasammapanidhi	Atma samyak ~	setting oneself in the right course; aspiring and directing oneself in the right way; perfect self-adjustment; thorough pursuit or development of one's personality.
Attavadupadana	atma vadi ~	attachment to the self-{or soul-} theory; the belief in a persistent self or soul; clinging to the ego belief.
Attha	arth	1. meaning; the spirit; the correct sense; essence. 2. benefit; advantage; gain; welfare; the good. 3. goal; purpose.
Atthacariya	arthchariya	benefaction; useful conduct or behaviour; doing a favour; life of service; doing good.
Atthakatha	arth katha	a commentary.
Atthannuta	arth~	the quality of one who knows what is useful or who knows the correct meaning of something; knowledge of the meaning; knowing the purpose; knowing the consequence.
Atthapatisambhida	arth prati sambhida	knowledge of the meaning {of words}; the Discrimination of the Meaning; analytic insight of consequence.
Attharati	-	v. to spread; stretch; lay out; carry out{the kathina robe-making ceremony}.
Avahara	-	action of stealing.
Avamangala, Petadakkhinadana	,preta-dakshina-dana	bad luck; ill omen; adj. unlucky; inauspicious {T.} funeral; rites for the dead; funereal occasion; memorial service.
avasaparivena	avasa~	the compound of a monastery; the Wat compound.
Avici	avichi; 'ch' as in china	the Avici Hell; the lowest hell.
Avijja	avidya	ignorance; nescience; lack of knowledge; delusion.
Avirodhana	avirodh	non-obstruction; non-opposition; non-violation; non-deviation from the Dhamma.
ayacana	Yachana	prayer. v. to pray; chant; say a prayer.
ayatana	-	the Twelve Spheres; the Twelve Bases; Six bases are five sense-organs plus mind; the rest are six sense-fields or sense-objects including mind-object.
Ayonisomanasikara	-	disorderly or distracted attention; wrong thinking; unsystematic attention; improper or unwise consideration; lack of analytic reflection.
ayu	-	1. age; life-span. 2. longevity; long life.
ayusankhara	ayu sanskar	factors/constituents of life; vital principle. .
ayusankhara-vossajjana	Ayu sanskar visarjan	to relinquish the vital force; the Buddha's announcement of his coming death.

B

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Baddhasima	baddh seema	boundary established by the Sangha{order}; consecrated area; consecrated place of assembly;{T.} consecrated assembly hall.
Bahulakamma	Bahul Karma	great karma; great effort;
Bahusacca	bahul satya	much learning; great learning; profound knowledge.
Bahussuta	bahul sutta	one who has great knowledge; a very learned man; well-taught man; man of great learning.
Bala	baal	a child; childlike , a fool; spiritually defective person ; not having knowlege.
Bala	Bal	power; strength; health; energy.
Bali	Bali	religious offering {donation in Buddhism}.
Bhagava/Bhagwa	Bhagwan in sanskrit	the Bhagwan{God}; The Buddha;{This title is repeatedly used to address Gautam Buddha everywhere in the original Pali version of Tipitaka} In India this title especially 'Bhagwan' is used for God as well as for those enlightened persons who have become one with God . The root for this word is 'Bhagna' meaning to shatter, to eliminate & to break {the 3 bonds/fetters of material word i.e. Raga/liking/desire, dosa/dvesh/disliking/hatred, moha/deception/ignorance } . So the words Bhagava,Bhagawa & Bhagawan also represent for the person who has broken all the sanharas or sins of the material world , became absolutely holy & attained all the transcendental states i.e. trance states of self absorption in purity ; and has divine beneficient abilities & magical powers too whose blessings can transform lives.
Bhandagarika	Bhandagarika	a store-keeper or treasurer.
Bhandukamma	-	close shaving; act of shaving close.
Bhanga	Bhanga	dissolution; cessation; dissolving or waning moment.
Bhasita	Bhashit	a saying.
Bhatta	Bhaat	food; meal; boiled rice.
Bhattagga	bhaat ghar	dining room, refectory, meal house.
Bhattaharika*	Bhattaharika	food carrier; tiffin carrier.
Bhattakicca	Bhaat kritya	taking a meal.
Bhattuddesaka	-	one in charge of the distribution of food; an elder who supervises the distribution of food; super- intendent of meals; issuer of meals.
Bhava	Bhav	becoming; existence; process of becoming; state of existence.
Bhava	bhaav	fixed nature; condition; state of being.
Bhavana	Bhavana	development; mental culture; meditation; developing understanding; grasping.
Bhavanamaya	Bhavanamayi	{merit} gained through, or connected with, meditation; merit accomplished by mental culture; mental culture as a way of making merit.
Bhavanamayapanna	Bhavana mayi Pragya	{divine} wisdom/knowledge resulting from mental development through direct experience in meditation; understanding through practice {note: This is best knowledge out of all types of panna, others are 1.sutamayapanna/by-listening/reading 2. cintamayapanna/by-thinking/logic/reasoning}.
Bhavanapadhana	Bhavana Pradhan	the effort to develop unrisen good; the effort to develop wholesome states.
Bhavanga	bhavang	life-continuum; the subliminal consciousness; constituent of becoming; the passive state of mind.
Bhavatanha	Bhava trishna	craving for existence; craving for rebirth; craving for sensual pleasures connected with the view of eternalism.
Bhavetabbadhamma	Bhavetavya Dharma	that {knowledge} which is to be developed/grasped/understood, i.e. the Noble Eightfold Path & the knowledge gained by experience/revealed in meditation, note: several transcendental {divine} or practical aspects which are generally not taught, these are to be understood by experience using meditation.
Bhaveti, Pureti,	Bhaveti	v. to understand, cultivate, develop, practise; fulfill.
Bhaya	Bhaya	fear; fright; danger.
Bhayagati	Bhaya gati	wrong way of behaviour consisting in fear; prejudice caused by fear.
Bhesajja	bheshajya	medicine; drug.
Bhikkha	Bhiksha	alms; begged food.
Bhikkhacara	Bhiksha-charan	going about for alms; begging for alms.
Bhikkhu, Pabbajita	Bhikshu, Pravarjit	1. title used when speaking of a Buddhist monk; venerable. 2. a Bhikkhu; Buddhist monk; monk;{in other religions} a priest; minister; clergyman; etc.
Bhikkhuni	Bhikshuni	a Bhikkhuni; Bhikshuni; Buddhist nun.
Bhikkhusissa, aramika, Kappiyakaraka	Bhiksu-shishya	monastery boy; monastery pupil; temple boy; a monk's pupil.
Bhoga	Bhoga	wealth; riches; possession; enjoyment.
Bhojana	Bhojana	food; meal.
Bhojanemattannuta	-	moderation in eating.
Bhojaniya	Bhojaniya	fit to be eaten; soft food.
Bhumi	Bhumi	1. ground; plane; stage;foundation; level. 2.plane of existence; plane of consciousness.
Bhummadevatthana*	bhumi dev sthana	{guardian-} spirit house.
Bhunjati	bhojyati, bhogyati	v.{of a monk or novice} to eat; take food.
Bhuta	Bhuta, Bhoota	1. the elements of which the body is composed. 2. a living being; born creature. 3. a ghost. 4. an Arahant.
Bijaniyama	Bija-niyama	physical organic order; biological laws.
Bodhi	Bodhi	Enlightenment. v. to be enlightened; attain enlightenment.
Bodhinana	Bodhi Gyan	Enlightenment; supreme knowledge.
Bodhipakkhiya-dhamma	Bodhi Paksha Dharma	{the thirty-seven} qualities contributing to enlightenment; virtues partaking of enlightenment.
Bodhirukkha	Bodhi Vriksh	the Bo tree; the Bodhi Tree; pipal tree; the Ficus Religiosia.
Bodhisatta	Bodhisattva	the Bodhisatta; Bodhisattva; a Buddha-to-be; Enlightenment- being; candidate for Buddhahood; one who has resolved to attain enlightenment for the helping of his fellow beings.
Bojjhanga	Bodhi anga	{the seven} Constituents {or Factors} of Enlightenment; enlightenment factors.
Brahma	Brahma	{In Buddhism} one of many higher divine beings of either of the With-Form Spheres or of the Formless Worlds; Archangel; happy and blameless celestial being; inhabitant of the higher heavens.
Brahmacari	Brahmachari	one who leads a holy or chaste life of celibacy; celibate.
Brahmacariya	Brahmacharya	Lit. Holy celibate Life; Life without sexual activity; celibate life; chaste life; strict chastity; implied: The path of Buddhas consisting of celibacy, non-violence (sheel) & meditation leading to enlightenment.
Brahmadanda	brahma dand	lit. sublime punishment; punishment by suspending or breaking off conversation and communication; sanctioned punishment by silent treatment.
Brahmaloka	Brahma-loka	the Brahma {arch-angel} world; the sublime-Material and Immaterial Worlds.
Brahmana	Brahmin	a Brahmin; man of the Brahmin caste; a priest.
Brahmavihara	Brahma-vihara	{the four} Divine States {of mind}; the four noble sentiments; the Highest Conduct; the sublime states of mind {including celibate life without sexual activity}.
Buddha	Buddha	the Buddha; Lord Buddha; the Enlightened One; the Awakened One. Elsewhere in Pali canon he is also addresed as Bhagava or Bhagwa {God} ; He is also addressed as Sattha {Teacher} .
Buddhabhasita	Buddha-bhasita	what was said by the Buddha; the Buddha's sayings.
Buddhacakka	Buddha-chakra	the Buddhist monastic order.
Buddhacariya	Buddha Acharan; 'ch' as in china	the Buddha's conduct; the Buddha's course of conduct; the Buddha's career or style of life; the Buddha's life activities; the way of the Buddha.
Buddhaguna	Buddha-guna	the quality {virtue or character} of the Buddha.
Buddhakala	Buddha-kaal	the time of the Buddha {or a Buddha}; the advent of the Buddha.
Buddhakicca	Buddha kritya	the Buddha's daily routine; duty of the Buddha.
Buddhamamaka	Bouddh	one devoted to the Buddha; one who professes Buddhism; Buddhist.
Buddhantara	Buddh-antaral	a Buddha-interval; the period between the appearance of one Buddha and the next.
Buddhanussati	Buddha anushaya smriti	recollection of the Buddha; reflection on the virtue of the Buddha.
Buddhapada	Buddhapad	the Buddha's footprint.
Buddhaparisa	Buddha parishad	the Buddhist assembly; the four assemblies of Buddhists; Buddhists {collectively}.
Buddhapatima	Buddha Pratima	a Buddha image/statue.
Buddhapavatti*	-	the life of the Buddha; life-story of the Buddha.
Buddharupa	Buddha rupa	the figure of the Buddha; a Buddha image.
Buddhasaka*B.E.	Buddha-saka*B.E	the Buddhist Era .
Buddhasasana	Buddha Shashan	Buddhism; the teaching of the Buddha; The system of Buddhist practice
Buddhavacana	Buddha Vachan	the word of the Buddha;{T.} any sayings or teachings of the Buddha.
Buddhavamsa	Buddha-vanshawali	the History of the Buddhas; name of the fourteenth division of the Khuddaka Nikaya.
Buddhavasa*	Buddha awas	'residence of the Buddha'; the sanctuary or public precincts of a monastery.
Buddhicarita	Buddhi charitra	Character/behaviour of the enlightened person; lit. the intellectual; the wise; one whose behaviour or character is wisdom; an intelligent-natured person.
Byadhi	vyadhi	disease; sickness; ailment.
Byapada	vyapad	ill-will; hatred; malevolence; aversion.

C

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Caga	Tyaga	1. charity; generosity; sacrifice; self-denial; liberality; munificence; benefaction. 2. abandoning; giving up; renunciation.
Caganussati	Tyaga-anushaya-smriti	reflection on subject of generosity/donation; recollection of liberality.
Cagasampada	Tyaga sampada	achievement of charity.
Cakka	chakra; 'ch' as in china	wheel with spokes, circle, the set of four virtues, being like the four wheels of a carriage, constituting the means to prosperity; virtues wheeling to prosperity.
Cakkavala	chakra~; 'ch' as in china	a world-circle; solar system; universe.
Cakkavatti	chakra-varti; 'ch' as in china	world-king; a universal monarch, endowed with the seven valuables or treasures, an emperor.
Cakkhu	chakshu; 'ch' as in china	the eye.
Cakkhudvara	chakshu dvar; 'ch' as in china	the eye-door; eye venue; eye sense organ
Cakkhuvinnana	chaksu vigyan; 'ch' as in china	eye-consciousness; eye awareness.
Candagati*	chandra-gati	the system of a lunar calendar.
Candala	chandal; 'ch' as in china	an outcaste; the untouchable.
Cankama	chankramana; 'ch' as in china	walking up and down; a terraced walk. v. to walk up and down.
Carana	charan; acharan; 'ch' as in china	behaviour; conduct; good conduct.
Carika	charika; 'ch' as in china	1. a traveller; wanderer; way-farer. 2. a wandering place. 3. a journey; wandering. 4.{T,} v. to wander; go on a journey.
Carita	charitra	the intrinsic nature of a person; {the six types of} characteristic behaviour; character; temperament.
Carittaniyama, Pujavidhi	-	rite; ritual; ceremony.
Cariyapitaka	Achar pitaka ; 'ch' as in china	Modes of Conduct{of Buddha in earlier lives}; name of the fifteenth division/book of the Khuddaka Nikaya regarding conduct of Bodhisattva.
Cariyavatta*	achar vrata; 'ch' as in china	1. customs and manners to be observed; duties concerned with conduct. 2. conduct and duties; moral conduct and the performance of duties.
Cattari Ariyasaccani	Chatvari Arya sacchani; 'ch' as in china	the Four Noble/supreme Truths; the Four Holy Truths {1.sorrow in the world(Dukkha), 2.cravings {of transient worldly} as the cause of sorrow, 3. cessation of sorrow is possible , 4. existence of the path that leads to salvation from sorrow}
Catubbidhavara*	Chatu~; 'ch' as in china	the fourfold blessing; the four excellent things, viz., long life, beauty, happiness and health.
Catuddasi	chaturdashi; 'ch' as in china	the 14th day of a fortnight.
Catudhatuvavatthana	chatu-dhatu ~	analysis of the four elements; determining of the elements; contemplation on the four essential qualities of which the body is composed.
Catummaharajika	chatur maharajika; 'ch' as in china	the Four Guardian Deities; the realm of the Four Great Kings.
Caturangasannipata	chatur anga sannipata; 'ch' as in china	the Great Assembly of Disciples marked by the union of four factors.
Catutthajjhana	chaturtha dhyan	the fourth Jhana; the fourth absorption.
Catuvagga	chatu varga	a chapter of four monks.
Cetana	chetana; 'ch' as in china	awareness; consciousness; volition; will; intention.
Cetasika	chaitsik; 'ch' as in china	related to consciousness; mental concomitants; mental factors; mental states; mental activities; the adjuncts of consciousness; mental adjuncts; mental coefficients.
Cetasikadukkha	chaitsik dukkha; 'ch' as in china	mental pain.
Cetasikasukha	chaitsik sukkha; 'ch' as in china	mental happiness.
Cetiya	chaitya; 'ch' as in china	1. a person, place or object worthy of worship; reminder. 2.{T.} a sepulchral monument; pagoda; shrine; dagoba; bell-shaped stupa{with a slender spire}; tapering-spired stupa; Phra Chedi.
Cetiyamahapuja*, Viharasamajja*, ~ussava*, ~maha*	chaitya~	temple fair.
Cetopariyanana	cheto pariyaya gyan; 'ch' as in china	knowledge of others' thoughts; telepathy.
Cetovimutti	cheto vimukti; 'ch' as in china	nirvana of mind, deliverance of mind, salvation of mind.
Chabbannaramsi	chah~; 'ch' as in china	the ray of six colours.
Chakamavacaradevaloka	chah kamavachar devalok; 'ch' as in china	the six heavens of sensual pleasures.
Chalabhinna	Chah Labhanvit; 'ch' as in china	holder of the sixfold supernormal knowledge;holder of the six psychic powers.
Chanda	achand; 'ch' as in china	1. will; aspiration; the will to do; resolve; zeal; desire; impulse; wish; loving interest; desire for truth and understanding. 2. consent; declaration of consent to an official act by an absentee; proxy vote. metrics; prosody; a metre; metrical composition.
Chandagati	-	the wrong way of behaviour consisting in predilection; prejudice caused by love; partiality.
Chatta	chatra; 'ch' as in china	royal canopy; sunshade; parasol.
Chaya	Chaya	1.{T.} the Pali monastic name of a Buddhist monk; ordination-name. 2. shade; shadow.
Cintamayapanna	chintan mayi pragya; 'ch' as in china	understanding through reasoning; wisdom resulting from reflection.
Citaka	Chita	a funeral pile; crematorium; pyre; crematory; catafalque.
Citakalimpana, Sarirajjhapana	Chita~; 'ch' as in china	v.to light the funeral pyre.
Citta	chitta; 'ch' as in china	thought; mind; a state of consciousness, thoughtfulness; active.
Cittakkhana	chitt kshan	a thought-moment.
Cittaniyama	chitta niyama; 'ch' as in china	psychic order; psychic law; order of mind.
Cittanupassana	chitta anushaya pashyana; 'ch' as in china	the observation of mind ; the contemplation of mind; contemplation of various states of mind; mindfulness as regards mental states.
Cittasankhara	chitta sanskar; 'ch' as in china	mental formation; mental attribute; character/nature of mind {of a person}; mental functions i.e. perception and feeling.
Cittavijani, thanantaravijani	-	an ornamental long-handled fan used as insignia of a monastic rank; fan as rank insignia; rank fan; official fan; fan insignia.
Cittavisuddhi	chitta vishuddhi; 'ch' as in china	purity of mind; purification of consciousness.
Cittuppada	chitta utpada; 'ch' as in china	the rise of a thought; thought; intention.
Civara	cheevar; 'ch' as in china	1. the yellow robe{of a Buddhist monk or novice}; any of the three garments of the monk. 2.{T.} the upper or inner robe.
Codaka	-	reprover; accuser; plaintiff.
Codana	-	reproof; charge; accusation; plaint.
Culasanghamandalapamokkha*	chool sangh mandal pramukh; 'ch' as in china	the Ecclesiastical Regional Governor.
Cullavagga	chool varga; 'ch' as in china	Smaller Section; name of a book of the Vinaya Pitaka.
Cuti	chyuti; 'ch' as in china	shifting {out of one existence to another}; decease; the final thought-moment of a particular life; death.
Cuticitta	chyuti chitta; 'ch' as in china	death experiencing mind ; dying or death experiencing mind; the mind disconnecting the present life.
Cutivinnana	chyuti vigyan; 'ch' as in china	death-consciousness; dying or death-consciousness; the consciousness dis- connecting the present life.
Cutupapatanana	chyuti utpatti gyan; 'ch' as in china	the knowledge of the decease and rebirth of beings; the clairvoyant supernormal vision dealing with the death and rebirth of beings; the perception of the appearing and disappearing of various beings according to the consequences of their past deeds.

D

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Dadhi	dahi	curd; sour milk.
Dakkhina	dakshina	a gift; donation; dedicatory gift; an intercessional expiatory offering; donation given to a holy person with reference to unhappy beings in the Peta existence, intended for the alleviation of their sufferings.
Dakkhinanikaya	-	the Southern School of Buddhism, i.e. the Theravada.
Dakkhinanuppadana*	Dakshina anupadana	offering made to a monk or monks on behalf of the dead.
Dakkhinavatta	dakshina vrata	winding to the right; clockwise; respectfully circumventing a person clockwise.
Dakkhineyya-puggala	dakshineyya~	an individual deserving a donation; one worthy of a donation {i.e. monk}.
Dakkhinodaka	Dakshina odaka	water of dedication; consecrated water; holding water in hand as dedication as a matter of donation of something.
Dakkhinodakapatana	Dakshino~	v. pouring the water of dedication {to transfer merit to other beings}.
Dalhikamma	~karma	making firm; strengthening by repeating, as reordination.
Dama	dum	self-command; self-control; taming; subjugation; training; mastery; adjustment.
Dana	-	Lit. giving; gift; alms-giving; charity; generosity; benevolence; liberality; a gift; donation; alms; benefaction.
Danamaya	Daan-maya	{merit} gained through, or connected with, alms-giving; the way of making merit, consisting in alms-giving or charity.
Danapati	Daan-pati (may also be dhanpati)	1. lord of alms; master in liberality. 2. one in charge of alms-giving; chief donor.
Danapati, Nimantaka	danapati, nimantrak	the host; sponsor; chief donor.
Dandakamma	danda karma	punishment; penalty.
Dasabala	Dasa-bala	1. the Ten Powers of the Buddha. 2. one who is endowed with ten supernormal powers, i.e. the Buddha.
Dasabalanana	Dasa-bala-gyan	the ten supreme intellectual powers of the Buddha.
Dasajati	Dasa-jatya	the ten longest birth-stories of the Buddha, regarded as the most important.
Dasaparami	dasa-parmita	the ten perfections; the ten principal virtues practised by a Bodhisatta.
Dasarajadhamma	das raj dharma	the tenfold code of the king; the tenfold virtue or duty of the king; the ten royal virtues; virtues of a ruler.
Dasavara	Dasa-var	the ten blessings; ten boons.
Dassana	darshan	1. seeing; sight; intuition. 2. view; opinion; theory.
Dathadhatu	danta-dhatu	the tooth relic {of the Buddha}.
Dayaka	Daayak	almsgiver; donor; benefactor; the lay supporter of Bhikkhus; lay giver; lay supporter.
Dayika	Daayika	a female donor.
Desakala	desh kaal	a season for merit-making and local festivals.
Desana	deshna	preaching; discourse; sermon; instruction. v. to preach; expound the Doctrine; give a sermon.
Deti	Det	v. to offer, give or present {to a monk or a prince}.
Deva	Deva;Devata	lit. a shining one; god; deity; divine being; angel.
Devadhamma	deva dharma	divine virtue/conduct; the conduct of angels/devas; the virtues that make divine, i.e. moral shame and dread.
Devaduta	Deva-doot	lit. gods' messenger; divine messenger; a symbolic name for those things which remind man of his future and rouse him to earnest striving.
Devaloka	Deva-lok	world of gods; heaven; celestial realm.
Devarupa*	Deva-roop	an image of a deity; idol.
Devata	Devata	a celestial or heavenly being; deity; angel; same as deva.
Devatabali	Devata-bali	an offering to the deity.
Devatanussati	devata anushaya smriti	recollection of heavenly beings; reflection on deifying virtues as found in oneself.
Deyyadana	Deyya dana	a gift fit to be given; gift; donation.
Deyyadhamma	deyya dharma	that which has the quality of being given; gift; offerings/donations/alms {to monks etc.}
Dhamakaraka	-	a filter; water-strainer.
Dhamma	dharma	1. the Dharma; the Dhamma; the Doctrine; the Teachings{of the Buddha}. 2.the Law; nature. 3. the Truth; Ultimate Reality. 4. the Supramundane, especially nibbana. 5. quality; righteousness; virtue; morality; good conduct; right behaviour. 6. tradition; practice; principle; norm; rule; duty. 7. justice; impartiality. 8. thing; phenomenon. 9. a cognizable object; mind-object; idea. 10. mental state; mental factor; mental activities. 11. condition; 12. cause; causal antecedent; 13. attribute, property, 14. path of Buddha.
Dhammabhisamaya	Dharma abhisamaya	understanding of the Truth; conversion to the Dhamma; enlightenment.
Dhammacakka	dharma chakra	The Wheel of the path {of Buddhas that leads to nirvana/liberation}; the Wheel of the Law; the Wheel of Truth; the eight spoked {eightfold} wheel on path of righteousness.
Dhammacakkappavattanasutta	Dharma chakra pravartana sutra	the discourse of setting in motion the Wheel of the Doctrine; the Discourse of the Foundation of the Kingdom of Righteousness; the First Sermon of Lord Buddha near Benaras.
Dhammacakkhu	dharma chakshu	the insight developed with experience of Dhamma within {in/by meditation}; lit. the Eye of Truth; the Eye of Wisdom; divine eye .
Dhammacarika	Dharma charika; 'ch' as in china	wandering Dhamma-preacher; spiritual-welfare worker.
Dhammacariya	dharma acharana or acharya	observance of righteousness; righteous conduct; {Also dharma teacher}.
Dhammacetiya	Dharma chaitya	a shrine in which sacred texts are housed; a shrine of the Doctrine; doctrinal monument.
Dhammadana	Dharma daan	the Gift of Truth; giving gift of the Dhamma{Buddha's path} such as sheel{morality) & meditation leading to enlightenment.
Dhammadesana	Dharma anudeshana	expounding the Dhamma; preaching the path of Buddha; exposition of the Doctrine; a sermon.
Dhammadesanamaya	Dharma anudesanamaya	{merit} connected with, or to be gained through preaching {the path of Buddha}; the way of making merit consisting in moral instruction.
Dhammadesanapuja*, Dhamma kathikadeyya*	Dharma~ , DharmaKatha~	offerings/donation for a sermon given.
Dhammadhara	Dharma dhar	Dhamma bearer; one versed in the Dhamma; an expert in the Dhamma.
Dhammadhatu	Dharma dhatu	1. a mental object. 2. the cosmic law.
Dhammadhipateyya	Dharma adhipatya	regard of the Dhamma{the Law or righteousness} as being supreme; supremacy of the Dhamma; dominant influence by the Dhamma; rule of the true law; rule of righteousness.
Dhammadhitthana	Dharma adhishthan	exposition in terms of ideas/path {of Buddhas}; teaching with reference to ideas/path.
Dhammaduta*	Dharma doot	Dhamma-messenger; Buddhist field-preacher; Buddhist missionary.
Dhammagayaka*	Dharma gayak	a chanter of verses of Buddha's teachings.
Dhammaguna	dharma guna	virtue or quality of the Dhamma.
Dhammakamata	Dharmic mati	the quality of one who loves the Dhamma; love of Truth & righteousness.
Dhammakatha	dharma katha	ethical discussion; religious talk; talk on the Dhamma/path of Buddha; Dhamma- lecture.
Dhammakathika	dharma kathika	one who preaches the Doctrine {the path of Buddhas}; a preacher.
Dhammakkhandha	dharma khanda	a portion of the Dhamma; a main article of the Doctrine; a textual unit; a category of the Dhamma.
Dhammaniyama	Dharma Niyam	order of the norm; law of the Dhamma; certainty or orderliness of causes and effects; general law of cause and effect.
Dhammannuta	Dharma anuttara	the quality of one who knows the Law/Dhamma ; knowing the cause or origin; knowing the principles.
Dhammanudhammapatipatti	Dharma-anushaya-dharma~	practice in perfect conformity to the Dhamma.
Dhammanupassana	Dharma-anushaya-pashyana	the Contemplation of Mind-object; contemplation/meditation of {inner}phenomena; Reflection on the virtues/subject of the Dhamma/natural law; mindfulness as regards the Dhamma; awareness of inner experiential phenomenon.
Dhammanussati	Dharma-anushaya-smriti	Meditation on experiential Dhamma connecting with recollections of earlier experiences; recollection of the doctrine/path.
Dhammapada	Dharmapad	1. Way of Truth; An Anthology of Sayings of the Buddha; name of the second division of the Khuddaka Nikaya.2. a line or stanza of the Doctrine; a word of the Doctrine; talk or discourse on the Dhamma.
Dhammapakasanadhikara*	Dharma prakashan adhikari	Board of Sangha's {order's} Propagation.
Dhammapariyaya	Dharma pariyaya	matter related to Dharma/path of Buddha; disquisition.
Dhammapatisambhida	Dharma pati sambhida	Discrimination of the Law; analytical knowledge of the Law; discriminating knowledge of reasons, conditions or causal relations.
Dhammappamanika	Dharma pramanika	those who measure or judge by righteousness; those whose faith depends on the Dhamma or on righteous behaviour.
Dhammarammana	Dharma~	a mind-object; cognizable object; cognoscible object.
Dhammasabha	Dharma sabha	the Hall of Truth; a hall for the discussion of the Dhamma; a place for religious meeting.
Dhammasakaccha	Dharma~	discussion about the Doctrine; religious discussion.
Dhammasala	Dharma Shala	preaching hall; study hall; hall for religious lectures
Dhammasana	Dharma asana	the Dhamma-seat; a seat on which a monk sits while preaching; pulpit.
Dhammasangani	Dharma sangini	Classification of Dhammas; Enumeration of Phenomena; name of the first book of the Abhidhamma Pitaka.
Dhammasenapati	Dharma senapati	general of the Dhamma; Commander in Chief of the Law; an title of the Venerable Sariputta.
Dhammassavana	Dharma Shravana	hearing the Dhamma; hearing the preaching of the Dhamma/path of Buddha; hearing a sermon; listening to the good teaching.
Dhammassavanamaya	Dharma shravanmaya	{merit} connected with, or to be gained through, hearing a sermon; the way of making merit consisting in listening to the Dhamma/path of Buddha.
Dhammata	Dharma-mat	general rule; nature; the law of nature; cosmic law.
Dhammavadi	Dharma vadi	one who speaks according to the Dhamma; speaker of the doctrine; speaker of the rightful things.
Dhammavibhaga	Dharma vibhag	classification of dhammas; enumeration of the Dhamma; Dhamma classification.
Dhammavicaya	Dharma vichaya; 'ch' as in china	investigation of the Truth or the Doctrine;{T.} research on the Dhamma; search of Truth.
Dhammavijaya	Dharma vijay	conquest by piety; conquest by righteousness.
Dhammavinaya	Dharma vinay	Dhamma-Vinaya; the Norm-Discipline; the Doctrine and the Discipline.
Dhammayuttika-nikaya*	-	the Dhammayutika Sect; Law-Abiding Sect;
Dhammika*	Dharmika	one learned in the Doctrine; Doctrine-knower; one who has passed the examination of any of the three grades of Dhamma-study; eccl. graduate of Dhamma studies; Dhamma graduate; Dhamma scholar
Dhammikatha	Dharma Katha	religious talk regarding Dhamma; discussion concerning the Doctrine; Dhamma talk.
Dhatu	Dhatu	1. an element; natural condition; that which carries its own characteristic mark. 2. a relic, especially that of the Buddha or an Arahant.
Dhatucetiya	dhatu chaitya	a shrine over the Buddha's relic; dagoba. . .
Dhatukatha	Dhatukatha	Discussion with reference to the Elements; name of the third book of the Abhidhamma Pitaka.
Dhiti	dhriti	energy; courage; steadfastness; firm character; resolution; wisdom.
Dhupa	dhoop	an incense-stick; joss-stick.
Dhupabhajana*	-	incensory; censer.
Dhura	-	burden; load; duty; charge; office; responsibility.
Dhutanga	-	{the thirteen} Austere Practices; constituents of ascetic practice to remove defilements.
Dibba	divya	divine; heavenly; celestial.
Dibbacakkhu	divya chakshu	divine eye; heavenly eye; clairvoyance.
Dibbasota	divya strota	divine ear; heavenly ear; clairaudience.
Dighanikaya	dirgha nikaya	name of the first main division of the Sutta Pitaka; lit. the Collection of Long Discourses; Dialogues of the Buddha.
Ditthadhamma	drishta dharma	the visible order of things; present condition; this world; the present life; temporality.
Ditthadhammavedaniya-kamma	drishta dharma vedaniya karma	immediately seen effective kamma; kamma ripening during the life-time.
Ditthadhammikattha	Drishya~	gain for this life; present benefit; temporal welfare; sources of happiness in the present life.
Ditthavikamma	-	an open statement of one's view; explanation of views; view clarification.
Ditthi	drishti	1. a theory; view; belief; opinion; speculation; dogma. 2. misbelief; erroneous opinion; false theory; philosophy.
Ditthi-samannata	drishti samanvata	equality in view; unity in view.
Ditthivisuddhi	drishti vishuddhi	purity of understanding; purification of view.
Ditthujukamma	-	straightening of one's own views.
Ditthupadana	-	clinging to erroneous opinions; attachment to views.
Domanassa	domanasya	a painful mental feeling; {mental} displeasure; sad-mindedness; grief.
Dosa	dvesha	hatred; anger; ill-will; aversion.
Dosa, Vajja, adinava	dosh	fault; blemish; defect; corruption; depravity; disadvantage.
Dosacarita	dvesha charitra	the hateful; one of hating temperament; a quick-tempered person.
Dosagati	Dosh-gati	wrong way of behaviour consisting in hatred; prejudice caused by hatred.
Dubbhasita	dur bhasita	an offence of wrong speech.
Duccarita	Dushcharitra	bad conduct; wrong action.
Duggati	durgati	{the 3 or 4} States of Unhappiness; woeful courses of existence; evil states;woeful existences.
Dukkarakiriya	dushkar kiriya	the practice of austerities; self-mortification.
Dukkata	durkata	an offence of wrongdoing.
Dukkha Ariyasacca	Dukha Aryasatya	the Noble Truth of Suffering {the first of four noble/supreme truths}.
Dukkha	Dukkha	1. suffering; misery; woe; pain; ill; sorrow; trouble; discomfort; unsatisfactoriness; problematic situation; stress; conflict. adj. unsatisfactory; miserable; painful; subject to suffering; ill; causing pain. 2. physical or bodily pain; difficulty; unease; ill-being.
Dukkhanirodha Ariyasacca	Dukha-nirodha Aryasatya	the Noble/supreme Truth of the Cessation of Suffering; the Noble Truth of the Extinction of Suffering {third of four noble truths}.
Dukkhanirodhagaminipatipada Ariyasacca	Dukha-nirodha-gamini-pratipada Aryasatya	the Noble/supreme Truth of the Path that leads to the Cessation {or, the Extinction} of Suffering {the final of four noble truths taught by Buddha}.
Dukkhasamudaya Ariyasacca	Dukha-sam-udaya Aryasatya	the Noble/supreme Truth of the Cause {or, the Origin} of Suffering; the Noble Truth of the Condition of the Arising of Suffering {second of four noble truths taught by Buddha}.
Dukkhata	Dukkhatya	the state of being subject to suffering; painfulness; stress; conflict.
Dukkhavedana	Dukha-vedana	painful sensation/feeling.
Dussakutika	-	an umbrella-like tent.
Dussila	dush sheel	of bad conduct; void of morality;immoral.
Dutiyajjhana	dvitiya dhyana	the second Jhana; the second absorption.
Dvara	Dvara	1. door; avenue. 2. a sense-door; sense-avenue. 3. door of action.
Dvevacika	dvevachika;'ch' as in china	lit. pronouncing two words or two times; especially those who pronounce the words, taking only two refuges, viz., the Buddha and the Dhamma, Tapussa and Bhallika being the first ones.

E

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Ekaggata	ekagrata	one-pointedness {of mind}; mental one-pointedness; concentration.
Ekamsam	Ekamsam	v. to arrange the upper robe over one shoulder{the left one}.
Etadagga	-	foremost; first or best of that class or type.

G

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Gahasikhara	griha shikhar	gable; pediment.
Gahattha	Grahastha	a householder; layman; the laity {not a monk; not ascetic}
Gamasamuhasanghadhipati*	gram samuha sangh adhipati	the Ecclesiastical Commune-Chief; Eccl. Sub-District Head.
Gamavasi	Gram vasi	{T.} a town-monk, village dweller
Gamikavihara*	Gamika-vihar	private monastery; community monastery.
Gana	-Gan	group; denomination; monastery section.
Ganadhipati*	gana adhi pati	1. chief monk of an administrative division; eccl. chief officer; eccl. governor. The term Ecclesiastical, or its abbreviation Eccl. can be prefixed to the title of a government administrative officer at different levels to designate its equivalent in the Ecclesiastical Order, e.g. Eccl. District Officer, for . 2. chief monk of a monastery section.
Ganapuraka	gana purusha	one who completes the quorum; quorum-completing monk.
Gandha	Gandha	odour; odorous object; smell.
Gandhabba	Gandharva	1. a heavenly musician, 2. a being ready to take a new existence.
Gandighara	ghanta ghar	belfry; bell tower.
Gantha, Potthaka, Pakarana	Grantha, Pustak, Prakarna	{T.} a scripture; text; canon; religious book.
Ganthadhura	Grantha dhar	knower{master} of scriptures, the burden of studying the Scriptures; the burden of the books.
Garava	garv	respect; reverence; esteem; attention; appreciative action.
Garudhamma	Gaurav Dharma	{the eight} strict conditions or chief rules to be observed by the Buddhist nun throughout her life.
Garukakamma	Gaurav kari karma	Weighty Action; karma of serious or strong effect.
Garutthaniyabhikkhu*	-	the title of a monastic dignitary ; Venerable Teacher.
Garutthaniyapuggala	-	a respectable person.
Gatha	Gatha	a verse; stanza of 4 half-lines
Gati	Gati	{the five} courses of existence; destiny; destination.
Gehamangala*	Gruha-mangala	house-blessing ceremony; blessing to the house.
Gehapathamaparibhogamangala*, Gehappavesana-mangala*	Grih pratham paribhoja mangala, grih-praveshana-mangala	First donation of food on aquiring a new house;
Ghana	ghrana	the nose.
Ghanadvara	ghrana dvar	nose-door; nose-avenue.
Ghanasanna	ghrana sangya	perception of smell.
Ghanavinnana	ghrana vigyan	nose-consciousness; process of idenfication of smells , fragrances & scents & forming idea about these.
Gharavasa	griha vasa	1. the household life. 2. {T.} a householder; layman; the laity.
Gharavasa-dhamma	griha-vas-dharma	virtues for a good household life; rules of household conduct; qualities of a good layman.
Ghosappamanika	ghos-pramanik	those who measure or judge by voice; those whose faith depends on sweet voice or good repute; those attached to voice.
Gihipatipatti*	Grihi pati ~	practices for the layman; code of morality for the laity.
Gilanabhesajja	Gilani Bheshajya	drug; medicine for the sick.
Gilanapaccaya	Gilani pratya	support for the sick; requisites for the sick; medicine.
Gocara	gochara; 'ch' as in china	1. field or sphere of sense perception; a sense-object. 2. a suitable place; resort for alms; alms resort.
Gocaragama	gochara gram	a village where a monk goes for alms or obtains his food; alms-resort village.
Gotama	Gautam	name of the clan to which the Buddha belonged.
Gotta	gotra	clan; ancestry; lineage.
Guna	Guna	1. quality; property. 2. good quality; virtue; merit.
Gunadhamma	Guna Dharma	goodness; virtue; good conduct.
Gunassami*	gunasya swami	a title unofficially used in speaking to or of a monk of a higher rank; The Right Venerable.

H

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Hadayavatthu	Hridya vastu	heart-base; mind base; the heart; the physical base of mental life.
Hamsapada	-	crimson.
Hasituppadacitta	Harshit utpada chitta; 'ch' as in china	smile producing consciousness.
Hatthapasa	hasta pasa	the distance within a hand's reach.
Hetu	Hetu	a cause; causal condition; root- cause.
Hinayana	Heen yaan	the Lesser Vehicle; the Smaller Vehicle; the Southern School of Buddhism; Theravada.
Hiri	-	moral shame.

I

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Iccha	Iccha	1. desire. 2.{T.} .
Iddhi	riddhi	success; supernormal power; psychic power; magical power.
Iddhipada	riddhi pada	the Four Paths of {magical} Accomplishment; Means of Accomplishment; the means of accomplishing one's own end or purpose; the four Roads to Power; basis for success.
Iddhipatihariya	Riddhi pratiharya	a wonder of psychic power; marvel; miracle.
Iddhividhi	riddhi viddhi	psychic powers; different psychic powers; various magical powers.
Indajalikavatthu*	Indrajalika vastu	an amulet; talisman.
Indriya	Indriya	1. the sense-faculties; the sense-forces. 2. spiritual faculties; faculties.
Indriyasamvarasila	Indriya samvar sheel	discipline as regards sense-restraint; Sense-Restraint; purity of conduct consisting in the restraint of the senses.
Iriyapatha	-	deportment; posture.
Isi	Rishi	an experienced & knowledgeable sage; seer; hermit; ascetic.
Issa	Irsha	envy; jealousy.
Itivuttaka	-	'Thus it was said' Discourses of Buddha; name of the fourth division of the Khuddaka Nikaya.

I

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Jagariyanuyoga	Jagriti anushaya yoga	practice of watchfulness; avoidance of sleep; wakefulness.
Jalabuja	-	womb-born creatures; those born from the womb; the viviparous.
JambudipaJamun, Jambu	jambu-dvipa	the continent of the rose-apples, i.e. India; ancient name of the Indian sub-continent.
Janakakamma	janaka karma	reproductive kamma; regenerative kamma.
Jannukahi nipatati	-	v. to sit on one's heels; kneel.
Jara	Jara	old age; decay.
Jataka	Jataka	1. a birth story; the stories of the Buddha's previous lives. 2. Birth Stories; name of the tenth division of the Khuddaka Nikaya.
Jati	Janm	birth; rebirth.
Jatila	jatil	a class of ascetics with matted hair, usually worshipping fire alongwith chants, sometimes classed under Isi; matted-hair ascetic.
Javana	-	impulsion; apperception; impulsive moment; a phase or stage of the process of consciousness at which there is full perception and at which kamma is performed, usually lasting for seven thought-moments.
Jayamangalagatha	jaye mangal gatha	stanzas for the blessing or glory of victory.
Jhana	Dhyan	meditation; absorption; a state of serene contemplation attained by meditation; {mis.} trance; ecstasy; {note: Jhana a.k.a zen also means samadhi/trance state}.
Jhapanakicca	~kritya	cremation.
Jhapanatthana	~sthana	crematorium.
Jina	-	1. the conqueror; the victor; the Buddha. 2. Jain; Jaina.
Jinaputta, Jinorasa	jina-putra	a disciple of the Buddha.
Jiva, Atta	jiva, atman	soul; the self; atman.
Jivha	Jivha	the tongue.
Jivhadvara	jivha-dvar	tongue-door; tongue-avenue, tongue sense organ .
Jivhavinnana	jivha vigyan	tongue-consciousness.
Jivita	Jeevit;Jeevan	life; vitality.
Jivitindriya	Jivitindriya	vitality; life-principle; psychic life; the faculty of life.
Junha-pakkha, Sukka-~	, Shukla paksha	the waxing moon.

K

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Kalala	-	the embryo in the first week after conception.
Kalamarana	kaal marana	timely death.
Kalannuta	kaal anuttara	the quality of one who knows the proper time; knowing the proper time; knowledge of how to choose and keep time.
Kalyanamittata	Kalyan Mitrata	good friendship; good company; association with the virtuous.
Kama	Kaam	sense-desire; desire; sensuality; an object of sensual enjoyment; sensual {or sexual} pleasures.
Kamabhava	Kaam Bhava	the sphere or state of existence dominated by sensual {or sexual} pleasures; Sensuous Existence; Sense Sphere.
Kamachanda	Kaam-achanda	sensual desire; excitement of sensual {or sexual} pleasure.
Kamaguna	Kaam Gun	sensual pleasures; attribute of sensual {or sexual} enjoyment; .
Kamaloka	Kaam Lok	the world of sense-desire; the Sense Sphere; the world of sensual {or sexual} pleasures.
Kamaraga	Kaam Rag	sensual passion; sensual lust; sense-desire; sensuality; desire for sensual {or sexual} pleasures.
Kamasamvara	Kaam Samvara	sexual restraint.
Kamasukha	Kaam Sukh	worldly happiness; happiness arising from sensual {or sexual} pleasures.
Kamasukhallikanuyoga	-	self-indulgence; sensual indulgence; the constant attachment to sensual {or sexual} pleasures.
Kamatanha	Kaam Trishna	sensual craving; craving for sensual {or sexual} pleasures.
Kamavacara	Kaam vachara ; 'ch as in china	belonging to the Sense Sphere.
Kamavacarabhumi	Kaam vachara bhumi; 'ch' as in china	the Sensuous Plane of Existence; the Sense Sphere; the Sensuous Sphere.
Kamavitakka	Kaam Vitark	thought of sensual {or sexual} pleasures.
Kamesumicchacara	Kaamesu mithyachar; 'ch' as in china	sexual misconduct; sensual misconduct; unlawful sexual intercourse; adultery.
Kamma	Karma	1. karma; kamma; a volitional action; action; deed; good and bad volition. 2. work; job; activity; transaction.
Kammabhava	Karma-Bhava	kamma-process; the active process of becoming.
Kammakilesa	Kilesh-karma	an action causing impurity; depravity of action; vice of conduct.
Kammaniyama	Karma Niyam	order of act and result; the Law of Kamma.
Kammapatha	Karma Path	course of action; way of action; kamma as the way leading to the woeful or blissful existences.
Kammatthana	Karma-sthana	subjects of meditation; meditation exercises; the act of meditation or contemplation; ground for mental culture.
Kammavaca	Karma vacha ; 'ch' as in China	the formal words of an act; text of a formal act, i.e. a motion together with one or three proclamations that may follow.
Kammavacacariya	Karma Vacha Acharya; 'ch' as in China	Act Announcing Teacher;{First} Ordination- Teacher.
Kamupadana	Kaam upadana	sensuous clinging; attachment to sensuality.
Kanda	Kand	1. a chapter, portion or part {of a religious book}. 2. a sermon.
Kanha-pakkha, Kala-~	Krishna paksha	the waning moon.
Kankha	Shanka	doubt; uncertainty.
Kannika, Kutapilandhana*	-	the curved finial {of a gable}; gable-finial;{elongated ornate} gable spire.
Kannikaropana*	-	{T.} the ceremony of mounting the gable-finial.
Kappa	Kalpa	1. an aeon; world-aeon; world-age; world-cycle; world-period. 2. the life-term; life-period; the duration of life.
Kappabindu	-	a smudge that makes a new robe allowable; dark mark or small black dot applied to a new robe to make it lawful. v. to make a robe allow- able by applying a disfiguring smudge{by which the owner can also identify it}; mark with a smudge.
Kappana	Tarpan	merit dedicated to the departed.
Kappanavatthu*	-	monastic revenue estate.
Kappiyakaraka	-	one who makes things suitable for a monk; attendant of a monk.
Kappiyakaraka, Bhikkhusissa, aramika	~ Bhiksu-shishya	monastery boy; monastery pupil; temple boy; a monk's pupil.
Karuna	Karuna	compassion; pity.
Kasaya, Kasavavattha	kashaya , kashaya vastra	cloth dyed with astringent decoction; the yellow robe; ochre robes.
Kasina	-	a meditational device; object of meditation; the method of inducing con- centration by gazing at any of the ten objects, viz., earth, water, fire, air, blue, yellow, red, white, space and light.
Katannu	Kritagna,Kritagya	adj. grateful; obliging; knowing the done favour.
Katannukatavedi	Kritagna~	one who is thankful for benefits received and recip- rocates them.
Katannukatavedita	Kritagna~	the quality of being a grateful person; gratitude; gratefulness.
Katannuta	Kritagyata	gratitude; gratefulness; appreciation.
Katattakamma	-	casual act; cumulative or reserve kamma.
Katavedi	-	one who reciprocates the done favour.
Kathavatthu	-	1. Points of Controversy; name of the fifth book of the Abhidhamma Pitaka. 2. a subject of discussion.
Kathina	-	the Kathin ceremony; the annual robe-presentation ceremony{in the month following the end of the Rains Retreat}; post lenten robe-offering; Post-Retreat Robe- Presentation.
Kaya	Kaya	1. the body; material body. 2. the body of psychic factors, namely, Vedana, Sanna and Sankhara.
Kayabandhana	Kaya-bandhana	a girdle; waistband.
Kayaduccarita	kaya dushcharitra; 'ch' as in china	misconduct by the body; bodily misconduct; misconduct in action.
Kayadvara	kaya dvar	1. the body-door; body avenue; the outlet of bodily senses. 2. the body-door; the channel of bodily action.
Kayagatasati	Kayagat smriti	mindfulness/meditation with regard to the body; reflection or contem- plation on the 32 impure parts of the body.
Kayakamma	Kaya karma	bodily action; actions performed by the body.
Kayanupassana	kaya anushaya pashyana	mindfulness as regards the body ; a method of meditation on body; the contemplation of the body.
Kayasamphassa	kaya sam sparsh	bodily contact; bodily touch.
Kayasankhara	kaya sanskar	bodily formation, body attribute, body action.
Kayasucarita	kaya-su-charitra; 'ch' as in china	good conduct in action; good conduct by the body; bodily good conduct.
Kayavinnana	kaya vigyan	body-consciousness; consciousness by means of touch.
Kayavinnatti	-	bodily intimation; bodily expression.
Kayaviveka	kaya vivek	seclusion of the body.
Kayikadukkha	kayik dukkha	physical pain; bodily pain; physical suffering.
Kayikasukha	kayik sukha	physical happiness; bodily happiness.
Kesoropanadivasa*	Kesho-ropana-divasa	Shaving Day; the eve of a Buddhist holy day.
Ketumala	-	garland of rays round the Buddha's head; the halo.
Khadaniya	Khadyanya	hard or solid food.
Khama	kshama	patience; tolerance; pardon.
Khamapana	kshama prarthana	asking for pardon.
Khandha	skandha	aggregate; category;
Khanikapiti	kshanik preeti	momentary joy; instantaneous joy; {can also be momentary samadhi/trance}.
Khanikasamadhi	kshanik samadhi	momentary self absorption/trance.
Khanti	Shanti	patience; forbearance; tolerance; endurance; firmness; fortitude.
Khattiya	Kshatriya	1. a man of the warrior caste; the warrior-ruler; nobles. 2. a king.
Khinasava	kshina asava	an Arahant; the canker free one; sin free; one whose mind is free from mental obsessions.
Khuddakabuddhapatibimba*	Kshudra Buddha Pratibimb	a small Buddha image {often used as an amulet or talisman}; amuletic Buddha image.
Khuddakanikaya	kshudra nikaya	Smaller Collection; the Minor Anthologies of the Pali Canon; name of the fifth of the five main divisions of the Sutta Pitaka.
Khuddakapatha	kshudraka patha	Shorter Texts; the Text of Small Passages; name of the first division of the Khuddaka Nikaya.
Khuddakapiti	kshudra preeti	slight sense of joy; lesser bliss
Kiccadhikarana	Kritya adhikarana	business to be enacted by the Sangha; legal questions concerning obligations; duties.
Kiccavatta*	-	religious routine; daily religious observances.
Kilesa	kilesh	defilements; impurities; impairments; sorrow
Kilesakama	kilesh karma	sensuality as defilement; subjective sensuality; desire; lust; sorrow causung deeds
Kinkaraniyesu dakkhata	-	the willingness to give a helping hand.
Kiriyacitta	kiriya chitta; 'ch' as in china	functional consciousness; inoperative consciousness.
Kodha	krodha	anger; furious or wrathful passion.
Kosa*	kosh	mortuary urn; funeral urn; depository; keep; hold
Kosajja	-	idleness; indolence; sloth.
Kuhana	-	deceit; fraud; hypocrisy; trickery.
Kukkucca	kukuksha	remorse; brooding; confusion; repentance; worry.
Kulupaka	kul upaka	a family-frequenter; family-friend monk; family mentor.
Kusala	kushal	adj. Beneficial; meritorious; moral; skilful; kammically wholesome. n. merit; good action; virtue; the good; whole- some action; right.
Kusalacetana	kushal chetana; 'ch' as in china	right or wholesome volition; good intention; righeous awareness/thinking
Kusalacitta	kushal chitta ; 'ch' as in china	meritorious thought; moral or wholesome consciousness.
Kusalakamma	kushal karma	wholesome or meritorious action; right conduct.
Kusalakammapatha	kushal karma patha	the tenfold way of good action; the tenfold wholesome course of action.
Kusalamula	kushal mool	{the three} roots of good; root of good action; kammically wholesome root; the wholesome roots.
Kusalavitakka	kushal vitark	wholesome thought; righteous thinking.
Kuti	kutiya	an abode of a Buddhist monk or novice; a monk's cell; a monk's lodging; dormitory; living quarters of monks.

L

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Labha	Laabh	gain; acquisition.
Laddhi	-	a theory; view; doctrine.
Lakkhana	lakshan	a characteristic; sign; mark; distinguishing mark; prognosticative mark; quality.
Likhati	Likhati	v. to inscribe; incise; engrave.
Lobha	Lobha	greed; covetousness; acquisitiveness.
Lohituppada	-	wounding of a Buddha; causing a Buddha to suffer a contusion or to bleed.
Loka	Loka	the world; a world; plane of existence.
Lokadhamma	Lok dharma	{the eight} worldly conditions; things of the world; general conduct of the world; worldly vicissitudes.
Lokadhatu	Lokadhatu	a unit of the Universe; world; sphere; another term for Cakkavala.
Lokadhipateyya	Loka-adhipateyya	dependence on public opinion; following the influence of the world; supremacy of the world; dominant influence by {the censure of} the world.
Lokavajja	-	worldly fault; breach of the ordinary moral law; action reprehended in the world; that which is blamable by the world. .
Lokiya	Lokiya	adj. mundane; worldly; belonging to the world.
Lokuttara	Lokottar	adj. supramundane; transcendental; beyond these worlds.
Lokuttarabhumi	Lokuttara Bhumi	the Supramundane Plane {of consciousness}.
Lokuttaradhamma	Lokuttara Dharma	{the nine} supramundane states: the Four Paths, the Four Fruits and Nibbana; the path leading beyond worldly/material i.e transcendental; also nine samadhi/trance states.
Lukhappamanika	-	those who measure or judge by shabbiness; those whose faith depends on shabbiness or miserable life.

M

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Macchariya	Matsarya	meanness; avariciousness; stinginess; possessiveness.
Maccu	mrityu	death.
Maccuraja	mrityu raaj	the king of death; the Death lord {also known as Maar}, devil, shatan , shaitan.
Mada	Mada	intoxication; pride; sexual excess.
Maddava	-	gentleness; softness.
Magga	marg	the Path; the Way; the Noble Path; the Noble Eightfold Path; the Path leading to the Cessation of Suffering.
Magganayaka*	marg nayak	lay leader of a congregation {or, of a lay community}.
Maghapuja	Magh-puja	Worship on the Full-Moon Day of the third lunar month in commemoration of the Great Assembly of Disciples.
Maha*	Maha	great
Mahabhinikkhamana	maha abhinishkraman	the Great Renunciation; the going forth of the Bodhisattva {Prince Siddharth} into the ascetic life.
Mahabhutarupa	Maha-bhuta-rupa	{the four} primary elements; great essentials; material qualities of matter.
Mahachatta	Maha Chatra ; 'ch' as in china	a big sunshade.
Mahajataka	Maha-jataka	the Great Birth Story; story of the Buddha when he was born as Prince Vessantara.
Mahajatakadesana*	Maha-jataka-desana	{T.} Great Birth Sermon; a sermon on the great birth story of the Bodhisatta Vessantara.
Mahakamma	maha karma	celebration. v. to celebrate.
Mahanikaya*	Maha nikaya	the Mahanikaya Sect; Great Sect; Greater Sub-Order {of the Thai Monkhood}; greater denomination.
Mahapatima-patitthana	maha pratima pratisth sthan	base {for the principal Buddha image}; pedestal.
Mahapurisa	maha purush	Great Man.
Mahapurisalakkhana	maha purush lakshan	{the thirty-two} marks of the Great Man.
Mahasanghamandalapamokkha*	maha sangh mandal pramukh	the Chief Superintendent of the{Central, North, South, East, or Dhammayuttika} Ecclesiastries; Chief of the ... Eccl. Jurisdiction; Eccl. Governor General.
Mahasankanti	maha sankranti	{T.} the festival celebrated on the day of the passage of the Sun to Aries, the first sign of the Zodiac; Songkran Festival; water-throwing festival; the traditional Thai New Year.
Mahatherasamagama*	maha sthivar samagam	Maha-thera Council; Council of Elders; the Sangha Supreme Council.
Mahayana	Mahayana	the Great Vehicle; the school of the Great Vehicle {of salvation}; the Northern School of Buddhism.
Majja	Madhya	an intoxicant.
Majjhima patipada	Madhyam pratipada	the Middle Path; the Middle Way; the via media; the golden mean. .
Majjhima	Madhyama	middler; a monk who has been ordained between 5 and just under 10 years.
Majjhimadesa	madhyam desh	the middle country including the Ganges basin.
Majjhimanikaya	Madhyam nikaya	Collection of Middle-length Discourses; Further Dialogues of the Buddha; name of the second of the five main divisions of the Sutta Pitaka.
Majjhimayama	Madhyam yama	the middle watch {from 10:00 p.m. to 2:00 a.m.}.
Makkha	-	depreciation of another's worth; detraction.
Mala	Mal	dirt; impurity; stain; refuse; dust.
Mamankara	Mam-kara	lit. the making of the utterance 'my'; selfish attachment; the notion of 'my'; 'my'-making. .
Mamsavirati*	mansa virati	abstinence from meat; vegetarianism.
Maan	maan	conceit; pride; inordinate feeling;lust for power.
Man	man	mind; thinking function;thinking faculty.
Manasikara	-	thinking; thought process; attention; pondering; attentiveness; advertence; mental application; reflection.
Manatta	-	penance
Mandapa	Mandapa	a pavilion; temporary shed; square spired pavilion.
Mangala, Mangala-samaya	Mangal	festivity; good omen; auspice; auspicious ceremony; {the thirty-eight} blessings. adj. auspicious.
Mangalavatthu*	mangal vastu	amulet; talisman; fetish; lucky piece; charm; good-luck charm.
Manodhatu	Manodhatu	the mind-element; element of apprehension; the ideational faculty.
Manoduccarita	mano dushcharitra; 'ch' as in china	evil mental action; evil of mind or thoughts; misconduct by mind; mental misconduct {of harming or breaking moral rules within thoughts}.
Manodvara	Mano-dvara	the mind-door; mind-avenue; mind sense organ {one out of 6 , others are eye, nose, tongue, ear & touch but it can perceives all others}.
Manokamma	mano karma	mental action; action done by mind.
Manomayiddhi	manomay riddhi	the magic power of the mind; mind-made magical power.
Manosucarita	mano su charitra	good mental action; good conduct in thought.
Manovinnana	mano vigyan	mind-consciousness; the mind cognition.
Manovinnanadhatu	mano vigyan dhatu	mind-consciousness element.
Manta	mantra	a charm; spell; incantation; sacred or magical formula or invo- cation; verbal formulas used as incantations in the magic of sound.
Manussa	manushya	a human being.
Manussadhamma	manushyasya dharma	humanity; humane; virtue/conduct of man; the Five Precepts.
Manussaloka	manushya loka	the human world; the human realm; the world of humans.
Mara	Maar	the Evil One; Death; the Tempter; death lord, satan, shaitan.
Marana	Marana	death.
Maranabhava*	Maranabhava	death {of a monk or novice}.
Maranasati	marana smriti	mindfulness/attention/reflection of death; meditation on death {that death comes to all hence prepare for it}.
Matapituupatthana	mata pitra upasthan	the support of mother and father; ministering to parents; looking after parents.
Matha; Samantapaghana	Matha	a building for housing monks.
Matika	-	1. matrix; schedule; list; heading. 2.{T.} funeral chanting {of Abhi- dhamma matrices or schedules}.
Mattannuta	mattra anuttara	moderation; temperance; sense of proportion.
Matugama	-	a woman; womenfolk; women {collectively}.
Matughata	matri ghata	matricide.
Maya	Maya	illusion; deceit; trick; the display of an illusion.
Methunadhamma	maithun dharma	sexual intercourse behavior; coupling; coitus phenomenon {of creatures}.
Metta	metri, maitri	compassion; loving-kindness; friendliness; goodwill.
Mettaya pharana	Maitri~	radiation of loving-kindness/compassion. v. to wish others {or all beings} to be well and happy.
Micchaditthi	mithya drishti	wrong view; false view.
Middha	Mriddha	torpor; drowsiness; languor.
Mittapatirupaka	mitra pratirupak	a false friend; one pretending to be a friend.
Moha	Moha	delusion; ignorance; dullness.
Mohacarita	Moha-charitra; 'ch' as in china	the unintelligent; the ignorant; one whose habit is infatuation; a man of foolish habits; the stupid- or dull- natured; one of deluded temperament.
Mohagati	Mohagati	wrong way of behaviour consisting in delusion; prejudice caused by delusion or stupidity.
Mokkha	moksha	moksha,salvation; deliverance; Nirvana; liberation; the state of disentanglement; release; freedom.
Mokkhadhamma	moksha dharma	moksha, salvation; deliverance; freedom; Nirvana; the phenomenon experienced by perfects/Arihants such as Buddhas.
Moli	-	topknot {of hair on the crown of the head}.
Mudita	Mudita	sympathetic joy; altruistic joy.
Muditakamma*	mudit karma	congratulation; showering affection; convey of happiness.
Mukhapatha	Mukhapatha	word of mouth; verbal recital; oral tradition.
Mula-kammatthana	mula karma sthan	basic meditation subject {comprising the five exposed parts of the body, viz., head hair, body hair, nails, teeth and skin}.
Mulapannatti, Pannatti	Mool~	root regulation; main rule; principal or primary rule.
Mundakaupasika*	mundaka upasika	a shaven-headed female devotee who wears white robes and observes five or eight precepts; white-robed female lay follower.
Musavada	mithya vaad	false speech; lying.
mutthassati	Mithya Smriti	confused attention, muddled attention, deranged attention.

N

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Naccagitavaditavisuka-dassana	Naccha geet vadita vishuka darshan	dancing, singing, music, and unseemly shows{or stage plays}.
Nagaor	-	1. a serpentlike water-god. 2.{T.} an applicant for ordination; ordinand.
Nagarasanghapamokkha*	nagar sangh pramukh	the Ecclesiastical Provincial Governor.
Nakkhattakilana	Nakshatra~	the celebration of a festival; festivity.
Nama/Nam	Man	mind; name; mental factors;mentality.
Namakkara	namaskar	salutation; the act of paying homage; homage; veneration;{T.} salutation with joined palms.
Namarupa	Man-roop	Mind and Matter; mind and form; mind and body; mentality and corporeality.
nana	Gyan	knowledge; real knowledge; wisdom; insight.
nanadassana	Gyan-darshan	knowing and seeing; perfect knowledge; all-comprising knowledge; a vision of truth; insight; vision through wisdom; experiencing/knowing divine knowledge.
nanadassana-visuddhi	gyan-darshan-vishuddhi	purity of knowledge and vision; purity of vision regarding intuitive{divine} wisdom; purification by knowledge and vision.
Naraka, Niraya	Naraka	abyss; hell; purgatory.
Nasana, ~na	Nash~	causing to perish; expulsion.
nati	nati	a kinsman; relative.
natibali	nati-bali	offering to kinsfolk; the helping of one's relatives.
natisalohita	-	relations and blood relations.
natisangaha	nati~	good treatment towards kinsmen; the helping of one's relatives.
Natthikaditthi	natthika drishti	lit. the theory of nothingness; nihilism; nihilistic view.
natti	-	a motion.
Navakabhikkhu	nav bhikshu	a neophyte; newly ordained monk{of less than 5 years' standing}.
Navakamma	Nava Karma	building new; construction; making repairs.
Navanita	Navaneet	fresh butter;{according to some, ghee}.
naya	nyaya	right path; right method; the Noble Path; truth; Nibbana.
Nekkhamma	nishkramana	renunciation; giving up the world; escape from sensuality; absence of greed; independence of sensual desire and pleasures; self-denial; self- abnegation.
Nekkhammavitakka	nishkraman vitark	thought of renunciation; thought free from selfish desire.
Nevasannanasannayatana	nev sangya asangya ayatana	the realm of neither Perception nor Non-perception {of worlds/lokas}; the eighth state of samadhi/trance out of nine.
Neyya	gyaneyya	one who is to be led or instructed; one requiring guidance; a trainable or teachable person.
neyyadhamma	gyaneyya dharma	any-thing that should be learnt or understood; the knowable on path.
Nhayati	snan	v.{of a monk or novice} to bathe.
Nibbana	Nirvana	Nirvana; Nibbana; the extinction of the fires of greed, of hatred and of ignorance; the Unconditioned; the supreme goal of Buddhism; the Summum Bonum of Buddhism; the Final Goal; the extinction of all defilements and suffering; moksha.
Nibbida	-	dispassion; disinterest; disenchantment.
Niccabhatta	Nishchya Bhata; 'ch' as in china	a continuous food supply; monthly food allowance.
Niccasila	Nischya Sheel; 'ch' as in china	regular precepts; uninterrupted observance of virtue; the good conduct to be observed uninterruptedly, i.e. the Five Precepts.
Nidana	Nidana	1. source; cause; origin; reference. 2.{T.} a story.
Niddesa	Nirdesha	1. Expositions; name of the eleventh division of the Khuddaka Nikaya. 2. description; analytic explanation.
Nigamasanghadhipati*	nigam sangh adhipati	the Ecclesiastical District Officer.
Nigantha	Nirgrantha	lit. one who is freed from all ties; or one who abandoned old scriptures; a member of the Jain Order; ascetic in Jainism.
Niggahakamma	nigraha karma	suppression; punishment; censure; reproach; rebuke; chastisement of a perverse monk.
Nikaya	Nikaya	1. a collection; group; any of the five main divisions of the Sutta Pitaka. 2. a sect; school; denomination.
Nikkhepapada	nikshepa pada	a verse or words of summary; thesis; verse or passage set up for detailed treatment in a discourse; a saying quoted for discoursing; discourse-opening verse; topic; theme; subject; subject matter; gist; point of a discussion; query.
Nimantaka, Danapati	nimantrak, danapati	the host; sponsor; chief donor.
Nimantana	nimantrana	invitation {for a monk} v. to invite{a monk}.
Nimanteti	nimantran	v. to invite {monks}, especially for a collective action.
Nimitta	Nimitta	sign; omen; mark; portent; cause; mental image; mental reflex; boundary marker.
Nimmanarati	Nirmana rati	the realm of the gods who rejoice in{their own} creations; name of the fifth heavenly abode of which Sunimmita is the king.
Ninda	Ninda	blame; reproach; fault-finding; calumny. v. to blame; calumniate; speak ill of a person.
Niraya	Niraya	hell; woeful state; see apaya; rebirth as animal, ghost(peta/pret), Asura(demon) or in hell.
Nirodha	Nirodh	the Cessation or Extinction of Suffering; cessation; extinction.
Niruttipatisambhidawith	-	regard to the true meaning and the Law; the Discrimination of Language; knowledge of dialects or philological analysis; analytical knowledge of the language.
Nissaggiyapacittiya	Neisargic Prayashchit	an offence entailing expiation with forfeiture.
Nissaranavimutti	Nissarana vimukti	deliverance by escaping from defilements; freedom by deliverance; Nibbana.
Nissaya	-	that on which anything depends; foundation; help; resource; support; protection; guidance; tutelage; dependence; habit.
Nissayamuttaka	-	lit. released from dependence, or independent of protection; a legally independent monk; a monk who has completed five years of living in dependence on the preceptor.
Nivarana	-	{the five} hindrances; obstacles.
Nivaseti, Parupati	-	v. to don; wear; put on{the yellow robe}.
Nivata	Namrata	humbleness; humility; lowliness; gentleness.
Niyama	Niyama	certainty; fixed method; regular order; the state of certainty; the five orders of processes which operate in the physical and mental realms; natural and regular orders governing all things; natural law.
Niyasakamma, Niyassa~	~karma	the formal act of subordination; giving guidance; causing {a monk} to live {again} in dependence.

O

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Oja	Oja	nutritive essence; nutriment; (maybe glow).
Okkantikapiti	-	oscillating bliss; showering joy.
Opapatika	-	creatures having spontaneous births.
Ottappa	-	moral fear; moral dread.
Ovada	-	admonition; exhortation; advice.
Ovadapatimokkha	-	the Principal Teaching; the Fundamental Teaching; exhortatory Patimokkha.

P

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Pabbajaniyakamma	pravajra niya karma	the act of banishment; exile; the punishment made to a monk deserving to be expelled.
Pabbajita, Bhikkhu	Pravarjit, Bhikshu	1. title used when speaking of a Buddhist monk; venerable. 2. a Bhikkhu; Buddhist monk; monk;{in other religions} a priest; minister; clergyman; ascetic; recluse; monk; the ordained; religious; renunciate; monastic
Pabbajja, upasampada	Pravarjya, Upasampada	giving up the world i.e. adopting the ascetic life; ordination. v. to go forth; give up or renounce the world; become an ascetic, a Bhikkhu or a novice; be ordained; join or enter the Order.
Paccantadesa	Pratyantar-desh	the out-skirts of a country; bordering regions.
Paccavekkhana	Paccha vekkhana; 'ch' as in china	reflection; consideration; reviewing.
Paccaya	Pratya	1. condition; aiding condition; factor. 2. {the four} requisites, viz., clothing, food, dwelling and medicine; necessities.
Paccayakara	Pratya kar; 'ch' as in china	the Mode of Dependency.
Paccayasannissitasila	-	discipline as regards the four requisites; conduct in connection with the necessities of life.
Paccekabuddha	Pratyekbuddha	a solitary Buddha; a Silent Buddha; a Buddha who has won enlightenment by himself, but does not teach others; one who gains liberation for himself alone.
Pacchabhatta	Paccha bhaat	afternoon; after the mealtime of the monk.
Pacchasamana	Paccha-samana	a junior monk who walks behind a senior on his rounds; accompanying monk; attendant.
Pacchimabhattakala*	pachim Bhat kaal	the limited time for the second and last meal of the monk; lunchtime for Buddhist monks,{11.00 A.M. to 12.00 noon}; forenoon meal.
Pacchimajati	Pacchima jati	the last birth.
Pacchimaovada	pacchima uvad; 'ch' as in china	the last instruction; the last advice or exhortation.
Pacchimavaca	pacchima vacha; 'ch' as in china	the last word; the last saying.
Pacchimayama	Pacchima-ayama	the last watch {from 2:00 to 6:00 a.m.}
Pacchimika	-	the later period for keeping the rains.
Paccuddharana	-	to give up the use {of an old robe}; remove; revoke.
Paccuggamana	-	rising to receive.
Paccupatthana	-	appearance; mode of appearance; phenomenon.
Pacittiya	prashchitya; 'ch' as in china	1. Minor Offences; one of the books of the Vinaya; 2. an offence entailing expiation.
Padakkhina	Pradakshina	respectful clockwise walk around {a great person or shrine}, circumambulation. v. to circumambulate; make a triple circumambulation.
Padatthana	-	a proximate cause.
Padhana	-	effort; exertion; striving; the Four Great Efforts.
Padhanabuddhapatima*	Pradhan Buddha Pratima	the principal Buddha image {in the Uposatha hall}; main Buddha image.
Pahana	Prahan	giving up; abandoning; removal; eradication; overcoming.
Pahanapadhana	Prahan~	the effort to discard evils that have arisen; the effort to overcome unwholesome states.
Pahatabbadhamma	Pra-hat-avya-dharma	that which is to be eradicated or abandoned, i.e. the Cause of Suffering.
Pakarana	Prakarna	a literary work; book; canonical text; scripture.
Pakasana, Vipulakarana	Prakashan	propagation; dissemination; spreading.
Pakkha	Paksha	a fortnight; one half of the lunar month; {lunar} half-month.
Palasa	-	rivalry; envious rivalry; domineering.
Pali	Pali	1. Pali language; the language adopted by the Theravadins as the language in which to preserve the memorized teachings of the Buddha. 2. Tipitaka; the text of the Pali Canon; the Buddha's teachings as contained in the Tipitaka.
Palibodha	-	obstruction; hindrance; obstacle; impediment; drawback.
Pallanka	-	a couch; throne; crossed legged sitting.
Pallankam abhujati	-	to sit{flat on the haunches} cross-legged.
Pallankappamana	pallanka pramana	lap-front measure; the method of measuring the size of a cross- legged sitting Buddha image.
Pamada	Pramad	sloth; unattentive; lazy; unmindful; carelessness; negligence; indolence; remissness; torpor.
Pamojja	Pramod	delight; joy; gladness; cheerfulness.
Pamsukula	-	lit. soiled or loathesome as dirt; like a dust heap; discarded; disposed of; unwanted. 1. rags from a dust heap; a robe made of rags taken from dust-bins; discarded cloth; rag-robe. 2.{T.} a yellow robe dedicated to a deceased person. v. to take such robes after contem-plating on the impermanence of compounded things; meditate and take a funeral{or memorial} robe.
Pamsukula-civara, Assamika-vattha	-	Forest Robe; {probably, } cloth discarded in the forest or on a charnel ground; discarded cloth;{T.} a robe left for the monks to take as a discarded cloth. v.to leave a robe {together with other offerings} for the monks to take as a discarded cloth; hold a Forest-Robe Presentation Ceremony.
Pamsukulacivaranikkhipana	-	{T.} v. to lay a robe {as an offering to a monk at a funeral or memorial ceremony}; lay down a funeral robe.
Panatipata	prani pat	taking life; killing.
Pancadhamma	pancha dharma; 'ch' as in china	the five ennobling virtues.
Pancadvara	pancha dvar; 'ch' as in china	the five sense-doors: eye, ear, nose, tongue and body.
Pancakkhandha	Pancha Khanda; 'ch' as in china	the Five Aggregates; the five groups of existence; the five causally conditioned elements of existence forming a being or entity, viz., body{rupa}, sensations{vedana}, perception{sanna/sangya}, attribute formations {sankhara/ sanskar} and consciousness{vinnana/vigyan}.
Pancappatitthitena vandana	Pancha ~ ; 'ch' as in china	five-point prostration; the method of veneration or obeisance by prostrating oneself or kneeling and touching the ground with five parts of the body, viz., the knees, elbows and forehead.
Pancasila	Panch sheel	the Five Precepts; the Five Rules of Morality; the Five Training Rules {Speaking Truth, Non-violence, Non-stealing, no-intoxicants, sexual-abstinence/celibacy. }
Pancavaggiya	Pancha vargiya; 'ch' as in china	belonging to the group of five; the five Bhikkhus; the five ascetics; the five mendicants, namely, Anna-kondanna, Vappa, Bhaddiya, Mahanama, and Assaji.
Pandaka	-	a eunuch.
Pandava	-	a small drum.
Panha	prashn	a question; inquiry; problem.
Panidhana	-	aspiration; determination; resolution.
Panna	pragya {pratyaksh + gyan}	experiential knowledge/wisdom/insight; knowledge; insight; discernment; note: it is the knowledge experienced due to meditation & specifically in samadhi-state/trance when the transcendental is perceived.
Pannacakkhu	pragya chakshu; 'ch' as in china	the eye/faculty of experiential {divine} Wisdom/Insight especially in samadhi/trance.
Pannasampada	pragya sampada	achievement of wealth of {divine} wisdom/insight by experience {in samadhi/trance}; the blessing of higher knowledge.
Pannatti, Mulapannatti	-	root regulation; main rule; principal or primary rule.
Pannattivajja	-	formulated fault; breach of the training rules; that which is blamable by the regulation.
Pannavimutti	pragya vimukti	liberation through experiential {divine} wisdom achieved in samadhi/trance; emancipation through insight.
Papa	Paap	sin; evil; wrong action; demerit; bad; wicked; demeritorious; material pleasures.
Papanca	Prapancha; 'ch' as in china	5-sensory-deception ; illusion; setup {similar to maya}; proliferation.
Papunati; Sacchikaroti; Abhisameti	-	to attain; realize; reach; achieve; experience for oneself.
Paradarakamma	Par dara karma	adultery; unlawful ; intercourse with others' wives.
Parajika	probably Parajit+Karma	1. Major Offences; the first of the two divisions of the Suttavibhanga of the Vinaya. 2. a grave offence involving expulsion from monkhood; Defeat. 3. one who has committed the grave offence of expulsion; defeated one.
Paraloka, punabbhava	parlok, punar-bhava	rebirth; re-existence; future life, the other world; the world beyond; the world to come.
Paramattha	Parmarth	1. the highest good; the highest ideal; the highest gain; the highest benefit; the final goal; the Absolute Truth; the Ultimate Reality; Nibba na. 2.{the four} Ultimates; Ultimate Realities.
Paramatthasacca	Parmarth satya	the absolute truth; ultimate truth.
Parami	Paaramita	{the ten} Perfections; stages of spiritual perfection achieved by a Bodhisatta on his path to Buddhahood {or by those who are determined to become Pacceka-buddhas or Arahant disciples of a Buddha}.
Paranimmitavasavatti	Par Nimitta vasa vatti	the realm of gods who lord over the creations of other gods; name of the sixth heavenly abode of which Vasavatti is the king.
Paravadi	-	the opponent {in argument or controversy.}
Paribbajaka	Parivajrak	a wandering religious mendicant; ascetic; hermit.
Paribhogacetiya	paribhog chaitya	a tree, shrine, dwelling, bed, etc. used by the Buddha and consequently remindful of him and sacred; the monument of the Buddha's utility; shrine by use {or by association}.
Pariccaga	parityag	donation; charity; sacrifice.v. to donate; give; give up.
Pariccheda	pariccheda; 'ch' as in china	a chapter; fascicule.
Parideva	-	lamentation, weeping over dead.
Parikamma	parikrama	1. repetition; pronouncing incantations; recitation {or to recite} for the purpose of making sacred ; 2. arrangement; preparation; preliminary action.
Parikkhara	-	requisite;{the eight} requisites of a Buddhist monk: the three robes, the bowl, a razor, a needle, the girdle and a water-strainer; accessory; equipment.
Parinibbana	pari nirvana	the final or complete Nibbana; the complete extinction of all passions; the final release from the round of rebirth; the Great Decease of the Buddha; death { after the last life-span of an Arhant }.
Parinna	parigyan	accurate or exact knowledge; full understanding; comprehension.
Parinneyyadhamma	parigyaneya dharma	that which is to be known accurately; that which should be understood or comprehended, i.e. suffering {or all conditioned things }; path to transcendental knowledge.
Parinnu*, Palinnu*	-	one versed or learned in Pali studies; one who has passed the examination of any of the seven higher {3 to 9} grades of Pali studies; eccl. graduate of Pali studies; Pali graduate; Pali scholar.
Parisa	parishad	surrounding people; an assembly; company: association; the four assemblies of the Buddhist devouts: the assemblies of monks, nuns, male and female lay devotees.
Parisannuta	parishad anuttara	the quality of one who knows the assembly; knowing the assembly; knowledge of groups of persons.
Parisuddhisila	Parishuddhi sheel	the four kinds of Higher Sila; the fourfold moral purity; morality for purification; morality consisting in purity.
Paritta	-	verses of protection or safeguard; protective chants; holy stanzas.
Parittabhanana	-	{T.} {used for auspicious ceremonies} to chant holy stanzas.
Parittasutta*	pavitra sutra	sacred thread; sacred cord.
Parittavatthu, Indajalikavatthu*	-	something said to have magic power; magic object; amulet; talisman; charm; fetish.
Parittodaka*	-	consecrated water; blessing water; lustral water; holy water.
Parittodaka-abbhukkirana*;sincana*	; sinchana; 'ch' as in china	to sprinkle the holy water.
Parivara	-	Epitome of the Vinaya; the Accessory; name of the last book of the Vinaya Pitaka.
Parivara	-	1. retinue; suite; pomp; followers; following. 2. accessories.
Parivasa	-	probation.
Parivisana	-	v. to serve with food; wait upon at a meal.
Pariyatti	-	the {Buddhist} Scriptures; study of the Scriptures; the Teachings to be studied.
Pasada	-	confidence; satisfaction; joy; calm and clarity of mind; appreciation; faith.
Pasamsa	prashansha	praise; commendation.
Passaddhi or pasaddhi	Prashrabdhi	tranquillity; quietude; calmness; repose; serenity; relaxation ; {note : this often misunderstood word is the state of tranquility just before samadhi/trance, it is the quietude of both mind & body achieved after long buddhist meditation such as in vipassana, and after that rapture happens when the transcendental becomes known}.
Passasa	Prashvas	out-breathing; exhalation.
Pathamadesana	Pratham anudeshana	the First Sermon; the First Discourse {of Lord Buddha after his enlightenment}.
Pathamajjhana	Pratham Dhyan	the first Jhana; the first absorption.
Pathamasavaka	Pratham Shravak	the first disciple: Annakondanna.
Pathamayama	Pratham Ayam	the first watch {from 6:00 to 10:00 p.m.}
Pathavidhatu	Prathvi dhatu	lit. the earth-element; the element of solidity/heaviness/gravity; the sub- stratum of matter.
Patibhaganimitta	Pratibhag nimitta	conceptualized image; counterpart sign; counter image.
Patibhana	Pratibhan	perspicuity; sagacity; shrewdness; ready wit.
Patibhana-patisambhida	-	the Discrimination of Sagacity.
Paticcasamuppada	Pratitya Samuppada	the Dependent Origination; the Law of Causation; the Chain/cycle of Causation {birth to death then rebirth}; the Law of Dependent Arising; the Chain of Phenomenal Cause and Effect; the Conditional Arising and Cessation of All Phenomena;{the twelve links of} conditioned co-production; the mechanism of cycle of rebirths of all creatures i.e. Avijja{sans. avidya/ignorance} causes-> Sanharas {sans. Sanskaras/karma/behavior attributes} -> Vinnana {sans. vigyan/consciousness} -> NaamRupam {mind & Body} -> Salayatanam {sans. Shadayatan/six sense doors} -> Fasso {sans. sparsh/contact} -> Vedana {sans. samvedana/sensations} -> Tanha {sans. Trishna/craving} -> Upadanam {attachment} -> Bhavo {becoming/to-be} -> Jati {sans. janm/rebirth} {see Mahavagga1.1 of Vinay pitaka } after this Lord Buddha teaches the cessation of this cycle {using meditation and especially to focus on vedana/sensations with equanimity in order to cut the root of craving}.
Patidesaniya	prati anudeshniya	an offence to be confessed.
Patiggahaka	Prati grahak	a recipient; one who receives.
Patigha	pratigha	repulsion; irritation; anger; ill-will; grudge.
Patihariya	Pratiharya	marvel; wonder; miracle.
Patikulasanna	Pratikool Sangya	consciousness of impurity; perception of loathsomeness.
Patiloma	Pratilom	reverse; opposite; contrary; backward; in reverse order.
Patima	Pratima	an image; figure.
Patimokkha-samvarasila	-	discipline as prescribed by the Patimokkha; moral discipline as regards the Fundamental Precepts; restraint with regard to the monastic disciplinary code.
Patimokkhuddesa	~anudesh	recitation of the Fundamental Precepts of the Buddhist monks. v. to recite or chant the Fundamental Precepts.
Patinnatakarana	-	doing according to what is admitted; proceeding on the acknowledgement{by the accused monk}.
Patipada	pratipada	path; way; method; mode of progress; means of reaching a goal; practice; line of conduct.
Patipadanana-dassanavisuddhi	Pratipada-gyan Darshan-vishuddhi	purity of knowledge and vision of progress.
Patipassaddhivimutti	-	deliverance by tranquillization.
Patipatti	-	the practice.
Patirupadesavasa	Pratirupa desh vasa	living in a suitable region; residing in a suitable locality; dwelling in a favourable place.
Patisambhida	-	{the four} Discrimination; analytic insight; Analytical Knowledge; discriminating knowledge.
Patisambhidamagga	~marg	the Way of Analysis; the Way of Discriminating Knowledge; name of the twelfth division of the Khuddaka Nikaya.
Patisandhi	Prati sandhi	relinking; rebirth; reunion; conception.
Patisandhikkhana	Prati sandhi Kshana	relinking moment; the initial thought-moment of life; the initial thought-process.
Patisandhivinnana	Prati Sandhi Vigyan	rebirth-consciousness; relinking consciousness.
Patisankharana	-	restoration; reparation; repair; mending.
Patisanthara	-	friendly welcome; kind reception; hospitality; greeting.
Patisaraniyakamma	~karma	formal act of reconciliation.
Patissava	-	promise; assent.
Patitthanabuddhapatima*	Pratishthana Buddha Pratima	a Buddha image/statue of a larger size fit to be placed more or less permanently for worship; Buddha image {to be} set {on an altar} for worship; altar Buddha-image.
Pativedha	Prativedh	penetration; realization; comprehension; attainment; insight; knowledge.
Patmokkha, Patimokkha	-	the Fundamental Precepts; the fundamental rules of the Order; the 227 disciplinary rules binding on Bhikkhus; a collection of the fundamental precepts of the Order recited every fortnight; fortnightly recitation of the fundamental precepts; Disciplinary Code.
Patta	Patra	a bowl; alms-bowl.
Pattadharaka	patra dharak	bowl-support; bowl-stand.
Pattanikujjana	-	the formal act of exclusion from association; excommunication.
Pattanumodana	patra~	rejoicing in others' merit.
Pattanumodanamaya	patra~	{merit} connected with, or to be gained through, rejoicing in others' merit.
Pattapidhana	patra~	lid or cover for an alms-bowl; alms-bowl lid.
Pattathavika	-	the bag with a sling, used for carrying an alms-bowl in; bowl-case; bowl-bag.
Patthana	Prasthana	the Book of Causal Relations; name of the seventh book of the Abhidhamma Pitaka.
Pattidana, Dakkhinadisana	pratidaan	giving of merit; transference of merit; letting others share or participate in doing good.
Pattidanamaya	pratidaanmay	{merit} connected with, or to be gained through, the giving out of one's accumulated merit; the transference of merit or letting others share in doing good as a way of making merit.
Pavacana	Pravarchan; 'ch' as in china	the fundamental text; the Scriptures; the Dhamma and the Vinaya; the Doctrine and the Discipline.
Pavarana	-	1. invitation; giving occasion or opportunity; allowance. 2. invitation to ask. 3. invitation to speak; the act of inviting others to advise one or to speak of one's offences or any unbecoming behaviour; the ecclesiastical ceremony at the end of the rains retreat, in which monks invite one another to speak of any offences or unbecoming behaviour they have seen, heard or suspected to have been committed during the rains. v. to invite to ask or to speak.
Pavaranadivasa	-	the last day of the rains-residence, on which the Pavarana ceremony is performed; Pavarana Day; end of the rains-retreat; Retreat-Ending Day.
Peta	preta	a departed being; ghost; ghost-being; hungry ghost; the ghost of the departed.
Petavatthu	preta vastu	Stories of the Departed; name of the tenth division of the Khuddaka Nikaya.
Pettivisaya, Pittivisaya	Pret vishay	the plane of the departed; the world of manes; the realm of ghost-beings.
Peyyavajja	priya vacha; 'ch' as in china	lit. drinkable words; kindly speech.
Phala	Phala	fruit; result; consequence; effect.
Phanita	-	treacle; molasses; sugar.
Pharanapiti	~priti	diffused rapture/joy.
Pharusavaca	~vacha; 'ch' as in china	harsh speech; harsh language.
Phassa	sparsh	contact; touch; mental impression.
Photthabba	-	tangible object.
Pindadana	Pind-daan	v. to offer food to the monks on their almsround.
Pindapata	Pindapaat	food received in the alms-bowl {of a Bhikkhu} ; alms-gathering; almsfood. v. to go for alms; go for collecting alms; go for alms-gathering; go on an almsround; receive food-offerings.
Pisunavaca	~vacha; 'ch' as in china	malicious speech; slandering; tale-bearing.
Pitaka	pitak	a basket; any of the three main divisions of the Pali Canon.
Piti	preeti	joy; rapture; delight; zest; third state of samadhi/trance out of nine mentioned by Buddha; {note: piti is also generally associated with bliss experienced during all samadhi/trance states}.
Pittivisaya, Pettivisaya	Pret vishay	the plane of the departed; the world of manes; the realm of ghost-beings.
Pitughata	Pitru-ghata	patricide.
Piyavaca	Priya vacha; 'ch' as in china	pleasant speech; kindly speech.
Posi	-	appellation used by a monk for his parents or his patron or supporter.
Pubbakamma	poorva karma	a former deed; a deed done in a former existence.
Pubbakarana	poorva~	preliminary works.
Pubbakari	poorva~	one who does a favour before; a previous benefactor.
Pubbakicca	poorva kritya	preliminary function; preliminary duties.
Pubbanha-sajjhaya*, Pata-bhana*	-	morning chanting.
Pubbanimitta	poorva nimitta	a foregoing sign; prognostic; portent.
Pubbapetabali	poorva pret bali	offerings dedicated to the deceased.
Pubbekatapunnata	Poorva krit punyata	the state of having done meritorious actions in the past; to have done good deeds in the past; having prepared oneself with good background.
Pubbenivasanussatinana	Poorva nivas anusmriti gyan	Reminiscence of Past or Previous Births; the recollection of former lives; supernormal know- ledge which enables one to remember the various past courses of one's own existences.
Pubbesannivasa	Poorva sah nivasa	living together in the past; previous association; cohabitation in a previous life.
Pucchavissajjana	Prashna visarjan	catechism; question and answer.
Puggaladhitthana	-	exposition in terms of persons; teaching with reference to persons; teaching by means of personification.
Puggalannuta	-	the quality of one who knows individuals; knowing the individual; knowledge of individuals.
Puggalapannatti	-	Description of Individuals; Designation of Individuals; name of the fourth book of the Abhidhamma Pitaka.
Puja	Puja	worship {external and mental}; honour; veneration; homage; devotional attention; devotional offering.
Pujanapitha*	pujan peeth	set of altar tables.
Pujaniyapuggala	pujaniya~	a venerable person; person worthy of honour; one entitled to homage.
Pujaniyatthana*	pujaniya sthan	a place of worship; place of sanctity; religious place; shrine; holy or sacred place; sanctuary.
Pujaniyavatthu*	pujaniya vastu	an object of worship.
Pujavidhi, Carittaniyama*	Pujavidhi	rite; ritual; ceremony.
Punna	Punya	merit; meritorious action; virtue; righteousness; moral acts; good works. adj. meritorious; good.
Punnakarana	punya karana	merit-making; performing meritorious action. v. to make merit; do merit; do good; perform meritorious action.
Punnakiriyavatthu	punya~	{the three or ten} items of meritorious action; way of making merit.
Punnami	poornima	the full-moon day.
Punnamidivasa	poornima diwas	the full-moon day.
pupphadhana*	pushp-daan	a vase.
Pureti, Bhaveti	-	v. to fulfil; cultivate; develop; practise, understand.
Purimika	-	the earlier period for keeping the rains.
Putaplavana*	patra plavna	'leaf-vessel floating'
Puthujjana	prithak jana	a worldling; worldly person; ordinary man; not following the path or opposed to the path.

R

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Raga	Raag	liking; lust; passion; excitement; greed; attachment.
Ragacarita	Raag charitra	the lustful {nature} ; one whose habit is passion; one of passionate behaviour; the lustful-natured; one of lustful temperament.
Rajabali	Raja bali	offering to the king or the government, as by paying taxes.
Rajaganayati, Culasangharaja*of monks}	-	a dignitary belonging to the Royal Chapter
Rajavaravihara*, Rajavasa*	-	royal monastery.
Rajavidhi*, Rajapujavidhi*	Rajavidhi	a royal ceremony.
Rasa	Rasa	1. taste; sapid object; flavour. 2. function.
ratanaghara*	-	back plate
Ratanapakara	-	consecrated wall; a parapet {surrounding a sacred building}.
Ratanattaya	-	the Three Jewels; The Three Gems; Triple Gem.
Rattannu	-	an elder of long standing.
Rupa	Rupa	1. matter; form; material; body; shape; corporeality. 2. object of the eye; visible object. 3. Silver
Rupajhana	Rupa-Dhyan	Jhanas {Absorptions} of the Fine-Material Sphere.
Rupaloka	Rupa-lok	the world of form; the Form Sphere.
Ruparaga	Rupa-raag	desire for life in the world of form; craving for form; attachment to realms of form; greed for fine-material existence.
Ruparammana	-	visible object.
Rupavacarabhumi	rupa vachara bhumi ; 'ch' as in china	the Plane of Form; the Form Plane; Fine-Material Sphere.

S

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Sabbannu	-	the Omniscient One; an epithet of the Buddha.
Sabbannutanana	-	omniscience.
Sabhava	swabhav	nature; condition; state; reality.
Sabhavadhamma	swabhav dharma	principle of nature; natural condition; natural phenomenon; knowledge of nature {of a person/self} .
Sabrahmacari	sah brahmachari	a fellow monk; fellow in the holy celibate life; co-celibate.
Sacca	satya	truth; truthfulness.
Sacchikaroti; Papunati; Abhisameti	Satya krutya	to attain; realize; reach; achieve; experience for oneself.
Sacchikatabbadhamma	Satya Kartavya Dharma	that which is to be realized, i.e. knowledge/path of the Cessation of Suffering or Nibbana.
Sadarasantosa	sa dara santosh	contentment with one's own wife.
Saddarammana	-	audible object; sound.
Saddha	shraddha	faith; confidence.
Saddhacarita	shraddha charitra	the devout; the faithful-natured; one of faithful temperament.
Saddhadeyya	shraddha deyya	a gift of faith; a gift offered through faith.
Saddhamma	satya dharma	the true Dhamma; true beneficent doctrine/path; doctrine of the good; good law; good principle.
Saddhammapatirupaka	satya dharma prati rupaka	inverse of true beneficent doctrine/path; pseudo-Dhamma.
Saddhasampada	shraddha sampada	achievement of faith.
Saddhiviharika	-	a co-resident; pupil.
Sadharanakaradhikara*	sadharan karya adhikari	Board of Public Works.
Sagga	Swarg	a place of happiness; heaven; heavenly abode; abodes of angels/gods.
Sahadhammika	Saha-Dharmic	co-religionists; fellow Dhamma-farer.
Sajiva	-	the code of discipline; all the disciplinary rules abiding on the life of the monk.
Sajjhaya, Uddesa, Padabhana, ~gayana, ~bhanana, Parittakarana	-	recitation; chanting {especially of protective verses}; rehearsal. v. to recite {the Buddha's teachings}; chant; chant the holy stanzas.
Sajjhayanasala*	-	chanting hall; hall for daily meeting and chanting.
Sakaccha	-	conversation; discussion.
Sakadagami or sakdagami	-	the returner; one who has attained the second stage of the Path {with either 5,6 or 7 of samadhi/trance states} and will be reborn as human or angel{deva} maximum 3 times, continues to meditate and then will attain the final emancipation {nirvana}.
Sakadagamimagga	~marg	the Path of Once-Returning {see above}.
Sakadagamiphala	-	the Fruit of Once-Returning {see Sakadagami}.
Sakalamahasangha-parinayaka	sakal maha sangh pari nayak	top leader of the entire Great Sangha; head of the national Sangha; the secondary title attached to the title of {Sangharaja}, i.e. the Supreme Patriarch, or chief of the Buddhist Order of a country.
Sakavadi	-	the affirmative; proposer.
Sakkaccam sahattha deti	-	v. to present {something to a monk} with the hand.
Sakkara	satkar	honour; worship; hospitality.
Sakkayaditthi	sa kaya drishti	self-illusion; the delusion of self as body; belief in a personal self; theory of soul; egoistic view.
Sala	shala	hall; pavilion; wayside shelter; study and merit-making hall; public building; preaching hall; multipurpose hall.
Salakabhatta	-	food to be distributed by tickets; ticket-food.
Salayatana	-	the six senses; sense-bases; sense-organs; sense-spheres.
Samadana	-	undertaking; observance; acceptance. v. to undertake; take upon oneself.
Samadhi	Samadhi(rel. to samahit)	Self absorption/trance; Any of 9 trance states; experience of a state of higher non-material/transcendental consciousness which may appear first in body{brain & spine} then out of body, including infinite and then beyond leading to enlightenment.
Samaggi	-	concord; unity; harmony; unanimity; union.
Samajivita	samyak ajivika	balanced livelihood; regular life; living economically; living within one's means.
Samana	shramana	a Buddhist monk; a recluse; also used for Jain monks .
Samana-brahmana	shraman brahman	recluses and brahmins; ascetics and priests; the recluses and mendicants of non-Vedic or non-Brahmanical systems {such as Buddhism and Jainism} and the brahmins of the priestly caste of the Vedic religion.
Samanadhamma	shraman dharma	duties of a monk; monastic observances.
Samanasanna	shraman sangya	awareness of one's monkhood; consciousness of proper behaviour of a monk; a monk's sense of duty; perception of monk(according to dhamma).
Samanasaruppa	shraman swarup	a monk's proper behaviour; the appearance and character appropriate for a monk.
Samanasatti*	shraman~	eccl. honorific rank; title.
Samanattata	-	impartiality; state of equality; even and equal treatment; equality and participation; can also be the state of monkhood.
Samanera	shramanera	a {male} novice/trainee {on the path of becoming monk}; one who is ordained by taking the Three Refuges and observes the Ten Precepts.
Samaneri	shramaneri	a female novice; female trainee {on the path of becoming nun}
Samannalakkhana	samaam lakshan	the Common Characteristics {of component things}, viz., impermanence, state of conflict and not-self.
Samantayacana*	-	request for donation; collection of voluntary contributions.
Samanuddesa	shraman~	a novice{related teaching}.
Samatha	Samata	Equanimity, calm; tranquillity; a state of neither liking nor disliking; quietude of heart, emotions, desires, cravings ,wants , thoughts.
Samathabhavana	samata bhavna	Development of samadhi/self absorption/trance with samatha{equanimity i.e. beyond likes & dislikes} ; the method and practice of concentrating the mind along with quetitude; tranquillity/equanimity development.
Samaya, Ditthi, Pasanda	-	a religion.
Sambhavesi	-	lit. seeking birth or existence. 1. a living being at the first stage of life or during the birth-process; a being worldling. 3.{T.} a spirit seeking {or awaiting} rebirth.
Sambuddha	Sambuddha	one who has been well enlightened or has thoroughly understood; a Buddha; the Buddha.
Samicikamma	samichi karma; 'ch' as in china	proper act of respect; opportune gestures of respect.
Sammaajiva	samyak ajivika	Right Livelihood; Right Living; Right Means of Livelihood; Right Pursuits.
Sammaditthi	samyak drishti	Right View; Right Understanding.
Sammakammanta	samyak karmant	Right Action; Right Conduct; Right Behaviour.
Sammappadhana	Samyak~	{the Four} Great Efforts; Supreme Efforts; Right Efforts.
Sammasamadhi	samyak samadhi	Right self absorption; Right Focus{within} leading to right trance states.
Sammasambuddha	samyak sambuddha	the Fully {or Perfectly} Enlightened One.
Sammasankappa	samyak sankalp	Right Thought; Right Mental Attitude; Right Motives; Right Aspiration.
Sammasati	samyak smriti	Right Mindfulness; Right Attentiveness; right meditation{aware within , with equanimity/samatha} as taught by Buddhas.
Sammati; Sammuti	Sammati	convention; agreement; consent; authorization; appointment; election.
Sammatisacca; Sammutisacca	Sammati satya	conventional truth.
Sammatisangha; Sammutisangha	Sammati sangha	sangha by convention; con- ventional sangha; community of ordained monks.
Sammavaca	samyak vacha; 'ch' as in china	Right Speech.
Sammavayama	samyak vyayam	Right Effort; Right Endeavour; Right Exertion.
sammosa	-	confusion; falling into oblivion.
Sammukhavinaya	Sammukha-vinaya	verdict in the presence {of a Sangha, the persons and the matter concerned, and the Doctrine and Discipline}.
Sampada	Sampada	achievement; fulfilment; accomplishment; attainment; success; happiness.
Sampajanna	Sampurna Gyan	complete comprehension; discrimination; circumspection; clear consciousness; awareness {wrt meditation , it means being conscious completely about all i.e. body{kaya}, sensations{vedana}, mind{thoughts} & dhamma{causative} within, see satipatthana}
Samparaya	-	a future life; the beyond; the hereafter; spirituality.
Samparayikattha	-	gain for the hereafter; future benefit; spiritual welfare; sources of happiness in the future life.
Sampatti	Sampatti	success; attainment; achievement; accomplishment; advantage; fulfilment; happiness; bliss; fortune; wealth; prosperity; perfection; soundness; validity.
Samphappalapa	~pralap	frivolous talk; idle talk; vain talk.
Samsara, Samsaracakka	sansar , sansar-chakra	lit. faring on; the Round of Rebirth; the Round of Exist- ence; the Wheel of Rebirth; the Wheel of Life; the Life Process; Rebirth process; the Process of Birth and Death.
Samsedaja	sam swedaja	moisture-born creatures.
Samucchedavimutti	~vimukti	deliverance by extirpation.
Samudaya	Samudaya	the Cause of Suffering; the Origin of Suffering.
Samutthana	-	origination; cause.
Samvara	Samvara	1. to be composed; self-controlled; restrained; decorous. 2.commingled; mixed {food}.
Samvarapadhana	-	the effort to prevent the arising of unrisen evils; the effort to avoid unwholesome states.
Samvasa	-	communion.
Samvega	Samvega	sense of urgency.
Samvejaniyatthana	samveganiya sthana	a place apt to rouse the sense of urgency; {the Four} Holy Places of Buddhism {related to life of Buddha i.e. birthplace Lumbini, Enlightenment at BodhGaya, Place of First Sermon & Place of Nirvana at Kushinagar }.
Samyojana	Samyojana	{the ten} Fetters {that bind man to the round of rebirth}.
Samyuttanikaya	Samyutta Nikaya	Collection of Connected Discourses; Book of the Kindred Sayings; name of the third main division of the Sutta Pitaka.
Sangaha	Sangaha	1. to treat kindly; give help; favour; aid. 2. to compile; collect; comprise; include; group.
Sangahavatthu	-	objects of sympathy; objects of favour; principles of kindly treatment; principles of service and social integration.
Sangha	Sangha	Sangha; the Order; the monastic order in Buddhism. community; assemblage; a chapter of {not less than four} Buddhist monks; the Buddhist clergy; the Buddhist church.
Sanghabheda	Sanghabheda	schism; causing dissension among the Order; the creation of a schism in the Sangha.
Sanghadana	Sanghadana	offering to the Order; gift to the Sangha; offering dedicated to the Sangha; gift dedicated to the Community as a whole.
Sanghadhikara*	sangha adhikari	an official, administrative officer of Buddhist faith.
Sanghadisesa	-	an offence entailing initial and subsequent meetings of the Sangha; Formal Meeting.
Sanghaguna	Sangha guna	{the nine} virtues of the Sangha.
Sanghakamma	sangha karma	an act or ceremony performed by a chapter of Buddhist monks assembled in solemn conclave; a formal act.
Sanghamandala	Sangha mandala	the Order; the Monastic Order; the Sangha; the monkhood.
Sanghamanti-gana, ~-samajja*	sangha mantri gana	Council of Sangha Ministers; Eccl. Cabinet.
Sanghanayaka*	Sangha nayak	Head of the sangha, leader of buddhists monastic practice.
Sanghanivasa*, Sanghaniketa*	Sanghanivasa, Sanghaniketa	monastic residence; monks' lodging.
Sanghanussati	Sangha-anushaya-smriti	recollection of the virtues of the Order {of monks}; reflection on the virtue of the Sangha.
Sanghapalanadhikara*	Sangh palan adhikari	Board of Sangha's {church's} Administration.
Sangharaja	Sangha Raja	{His Holiness} the Supreme leader of Buddhist faith.
Sanghasabha	Sanghasabha	Eccl. Assembly {of monks}.
Sanghasana*	Sangh asana	monks' seat; dais or raised platform for monks.
Sanghati	-	the outer robe of a Buddhist monk.
Sanghavasa*	Sanghavasa	the monastic precincts; living quarters of the monks.
Sanghikavatthu	-	monastery estate.
Sangiti	Sangiti	rehearsal; a Council; general convocation of the Sangha in order to settle questions of doctrine and to fix the text of the Scriptures.
Sangitikatha*	sangiti katha	preaching or chanting on the account of the First Council of Buddhism {after nirvana of Buddha}.
Sankhara	sanskar	karma resultant{of deeds}, behaviour, character, reaction, attitude, compounded things; component things; conditioned things; the world of phenomena; all things which have been made up by pre-existing causes, {as in Sabbe Sankhara anicca}. volitional activities; kamma formations; mental formations; mental predispositions; volitional impulses; impulses and emotions; volition; all the mental factors except feeling and perception having volition as the constant factor,{as in the Five Aggregates and in the Law of Causation}. 3. essential conditions; the sum of the conditions or essential properties for a given process or result; constructing or formative factors, {as in ayusankhara, Kayasankhara}. 4. conducive factors; instigation {as in Sasankharika, Asankharika}.
Sankharoti; Abhisankharoti	-	to think under the influence of some passion, emotion or motive; proliferate.
Sankhatadhamma	-	understanding conditioned by causes ; things produced by combination of causes; conditioned or compounded things; the phenomenon that can be conditioned/modified/programmed by circumstances i.e. behaviour of a person w.r.t pain or pleasure experienced by interaction with persons/objects/actions .
Sanna	sangya	perception; idea; ideation; idea formed by observation i.e. 1. in low light a rope on a road can be deduced as a snake by a person 2. A beautiful girl can be understood as a matter of lust by a man & she can also be understood as food by a tiger.
Sannama, Samyama	sanyam	restraint; selfcontrol; abstinence.
Sannapatta*	sangya patra	commission; royal certificate of appointment.
Santana	-	1. continuity of subliminal consciousness; the ever moving, flowing panorama of successive mental states. 2. intrinsic or inherent qualities of character; inborn trait; innate character.
Santati	-	continuity {especially of consciousness}; a series of moments.
Santi	shanti	peace; tranquillity; calmness.
Santutthi, Santosa	santushti	contentment; satisfaction with whatever is one's own.
Sappaya	-	1. adj. beneficial; wholesome; suitable; favourable. 2. favourable condition.
Sappi	-	ghee; clarified butter.
Sappurisa	satpurusha	a good, worthy man; righteous man; gentleman.
Sappurisadhamma	sat purush dharma	virtue of the righteous; {the seven} qualities of a good man.
Sarabhanna	swara-abhi-gyan	intoning; a particular mode of recitation {allowable to monks}.
Sarambha	-	contention; vying; presumption.
Sarana	saranam	refuge; help; protection; guide;remembrance.
Saranagamana	Sarana gamana	taking refuge {in the Triple Gem}; going for refuge.
Saraniyadhamma	sharaniya dharma	states of conciliation; virtues for fraternal living.
Sarira	sharira	the {physical} body.
Sarirajjhapana, Citakalimpana	sarira~	the cremation ceremony; funeral; obsequies;
Sasana	Shasan	Buddhist practice; Buddhism; teaching; message; doctrine; the Dispensation; rule {time period} ; discipline
Sasanacariya	Shasan acharya; 'ch' as in china	a religious teacher related to Buddhism; moral instructor; missionary.
Sasanadhikara*	-	Department of Religious Affairs.
Sasanasampatti*	Shasan sampatti	property related to Buddhism; temporalities.
Sasanasikkhadhikara*	sasan siksha adhikari	Board of Education.
Sasanika	Shasnik	an adherent of Buddhist practice; follower.
Sassataditthi	shashvat drishti	eternalism; the doctrine of the continuance of the soul after death; the doctrine that soul and the world are eternal.
Satekiccha	-	adj. curable; amendable; remediable. n. monastic offences which can be corrected through some kinds of punishment, i.e. all offences except the four grave ones called Parajika.
Satheyya	-	hypocrisy; craft; treachery.
Sati	smriti	Meditation; Meditative practice as taught by Buddha i.e. Anapana, Vipassana, Samatha, Metta etc.; mindfulness; attentiveness; detached watching within; self-awareness; watchfulness within {see next}.
Satipatthana or satipattana	smriti prasthan	{the four} Types of Mindfulness/watchfulness meditation as taught by Buddha i.e Kayanupashyana {on transience of body}, Vedananupashyana {on sensations}, Cittanupashyana {on mind/thought} & Dhammanupashyana {on phenomenon/causation}; setting up of mindfulness/watchfulness.
Sativinaya	smriti vinay	verdict of innocence; procedure for the acquittal of an Arahant who has fully-developed mindfulness.
Satta	-	a being; living being; creature; person.
Sattahakaraniya	saptah karaniya	business to be attended to within seven days; grounds or occasions on which monks are permitted to leave the rains-residence for the limited time of seven days.
Sattavasa	-	{the nine} spheres inhabited by beings; abodes of beings.
Sattha,Satthu	-	the Master; the Teacher; the Great Master; the Buddha.
Saupadisesa-nibbana	Sa-upadhi-shesa-nirvana	Nibbana realized with the body remaining; Nibbana with the substratum of life remaining.
Savaka	shavak	a disciple; hearer; follower.
Sayambhu	swambhu	the Self-Existent; an epithet of the Buddha.
Sayanha-sajjhaya*, Saya-bhana*	-	evening chanting.
Sekha; Sekkha	Shishya	the learner, i.e. one who is in the course of perfection; one who has reached one of the stages of holiness, except the last, and has yet to undergo a higher training.
Sekhiyadhamma; Sekhiyavatta	Shishya-dharma; shishya-vrata	{the seventy-five} rules for training; the code of etiquette{for trainees}.
Senasana	shayan asana	sleeping and sitting; bed and seat; dwelling; lodging.
Seyya	shayya	bed; bedding; sleep; rest; lying down; reclining.
Seyyam kappeti	-	v.{of a monk or novice} to sleep.
Sihaseyya	Singh shayya	lying like a lion; lying on the right side.
Sihaseyyakappakabuddhapatima*, Sayanapatima*	Singha Shaiyya ~ Buddha Patima	Reclining Buddha statue.
Sikkha	Shishya	learning; study; training; discipline.
Sikkham paccakkhati	-	to give up the Training; leave monkhood. .
Sikkhamana	shishya~	a female novice undergoing a probationary course of two years {before receiving the higher ordination}.
Sikkhapada	Shiksha pada	a disciplinary rule; rule of morality; precept; training rule.
Sikkhattaya	Shiksha traya	the Threefold Learning; the Threefold Training; the Three Studies: 1.morality{sheel}, 2.self absorption/trance {samadhi} and 2. experiential wisdom; {preferably, training in higher morality, in higher {divine} consciousness, and in higher {divine} wisdom}.
Sila, Sikkhapada, Sucarita; acara	sheel, Shikshapad, sucharitra, aachar	morality; moral practice; moral conduct; code of morality; Buddhist ethics; a precept; rule of morality.
Silabbataparamasa	-	adherence to mere rules and rituals; clinging to rules and vows; overestimation regarding the efficacy of rules and observances.
Silabbatupadana	-	clinging to mere rules and rituals; adherence to rites and ceremonies; attachment to the belief in the efficacy of religious ceremonies and rituals.
Silacaravatta*	Sheel aachar vrat	moral conduct, manners and duties; moral habits, mien and deportment; the way of behaving and observing one's duties.
Silamaya	sheelmay	{merit} to be gained through, or connected with, morality.
Silanussati	sheel-anushaya-smriti	Recollection on subject of morality; {5 prominent morals are non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, non-intoxication & no-sexual-activity}, there are more conduct rules for monks & nuns; reflection on the advantages of morality or on one's own morals.
Silasamannata	sheel samanata	equality in moral conduct; unity in moral or disciplinary practices.
Silasampada	sheel sampada	achievement of virtue; fulfilment of moral conduct.
Silavisuddhi	sheel vishuddhi	purity of morality; purification of morality.
Sima	seema	a boundary; limit; precinct; consecrated area {established by sanctioned boundaries}.
Sima-nimitta, Nimitta	Seema-nimitta	a boundary marker, boundary-marking stone.
Simanimittanidhana	seema nimitta nidhana	ceremony of depositing boundary marking stones; burial of boundary markers.
Simanimittuparisilapatta	-	boundary-marking slab {usually made of stone and erected over a buried boundary-marking stone to show its place}
Simasammati	seema sammati	v. to establish the boundary of the Sangha communion area. n. consecration of the Assembly Hall boundary.
sincana*; Parittodaka-abbhukkirana*	Sinchana ; 'ch' as in china	to sprinkle the holy water.
Sincati, Abbhukkirati	;Sinchati , 'ch' as in china	v. to sprinkle.
Sitthadipa	-	a candle.
Sitthadipadhara*	-	candlestick.
Soka	Shok	grief; sorrow.
Solasa	solah	sixteen.
Somanassa	saumanasya	a pleasurable mental feeling; mental pleasure; glad-mindedness; joy; delight.
Soracca	-	gentleness; meekness; suavity; gentility; refinement; mannerliness; graciousness.
Sotadvara	strot dvar	the ear-door; ear-avenue; ear sense organ.
Sotapanna	strotapana	a {Nirvana} Stream-Enterer; Stream-Winner; one who following the path of {morality & meditation of} Buddha, has attained the first stage of enlightenment/ samadhi/ trance/ jhana/zen & thus developing firm faith on triratna {trinity} of 1. all Buddhas, 2. Dhamma{their path/law} & 3.Sangha{holy order}; With this attainment a person will get only 7 more high rebirths either among humans or devas/angels, continue to meditate & finally achieve nirvana; one will surely not get bad rebirths among animals, hungry ghosts, violent demons nor in hell.
Sotapattimagga	strotapatti marg	the Path of Stream-Entrance{to Nirvana}; Path of Stream-Attainment {to nirvana} see above .
Sotapattiphala	strotapatti phala	the Fruition of Stream-Entry; Fruit of Stream-Entrance {leading to Nirvana} see sotapanna above.
Sotavinnana	strot vigyan	ear-consciousness.
Sovacassata	-	state of being easy to speak with; amenability to correction; obedience; admonishability.
Subhasita	Subhasita	pleasant speech; well spoken words; a proverb.
Sucarita	sucharitra	right conduct; good conduct; uprightness.
Sudda	Shudra	a person of the lowest caste; the workers; those who contribute the necessary physical labour; a Sudra; servant; menial; workpeople.
Suddhavasa	Suddha vasa	{the Five} Pure Abodes {in the Form Sphere} where the Non- Returners are reborn (as arch-angels in brahmaloka).
Suddhipatta*	shuddhi patra	identity card; identification papers.
Sugata	Sugata	the Happy One; the Well-Farer; the Buddha.
Sugati	Sugati	{the two or twenty-seven} Happy States; blissful states of existence; good rebirth.
Sukha	sukh	1. happiness; ease; joy; comfort; pleasure. 2. physical or bodily happiness or ease.
Sukkhavipassaka	shushk vipassaka	dry-visioned insight meditator ; bare-insight worker.
Sunnavihara*	shunya vihara	deserted monastery; uninhabited monastery.
Suramerayamajja- pamadatthana	-	{taking} intoxicants tending to cloud the mind; intoxicants causing carelessness.
Suriyagati*	surya gati	the system of a solar calendar.
Suta	shrut	that which is heard or learnt; hearing; learning.
Sutamayapanna	shrut mayi pragya	understanding acquired by learning/listening; wisdom resulting from study/listening sutras/dhamma-talk.
Sutta; Suttanta	sutra	a discourse; dialogue; lecture; sermon; talk ; aphorism.
Suttapitaka; Suttantapitaka; Sutta	Sutra pitaka	the discourses section of Tripitaka; the original sermons and dialogues of the Buddha, the second main division of the Pali Canon containing discourses.
Suttanipata	sutra nipaat	Collected Discourses; Woven Cadences of Early Buddhists; name of the fifth division of the Khuddaka Nikaya.
Suvannalepa	Suvarnalep	v. to gild; cover with gold leaf; put a gold leaf on. adj. gilded; covered with gold leaves.
Suvannapatta	suvarna patra	{T.} gold leaf.

T

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Tacapancaka-kammatthana	tvacha panchaka karma sthana	the skin pentad of meditation subjects; the subject for meditation comprising the five constituents ending with the skin {the four others being hair, body hair, nails and teeth};
Tadangapahana	-	abandoning by substitution of opposites.
Tadangavimutti	~vimukti	deliverance by substitution of opposites.
Tajjaniyakamma	tyagniya karma	the formal act of censure.
Talapatta	tal patra	a palm leaf.{T.} a fan made of palm-leaves, with a long handle, used by a monk in ceremonies; ceremonial fan. .
Tanha	trishna	craving; desire; thirst.
Tapa	tapasya	1. religious austerity; penance. 2. exertion; mental devotion; ascetic practice, meditation.
Tapasa	Tapas, tapasvi	a hermit; ascetic; meditator.
Tassapapiyasika	-	inflicting a penalty on one who is at fault; decision for specific depravity.
Tathagata	Tathagata	1. The Accomplished One; one who went beyond {death } and also came back; the Truth- winner; an title of the Buddha. 2. an Arahant. 3. a liberated being. 4. Fully-enlightened one.
Tatiyajjhana	tritiya dhyan	the third Jhana; the third absorption.
Tatramajjhattata	Tatasth-madhyastata	equanimity; equipoise; mental balance.
Tavatimsa	-	the realm{or heaven} of the Thirty-three{crore} gods/angels; name of the second heavenly abode, of which Sakka(Indra) is the king.
Tejodhatu	tejyo dhatu	fire-element; the element of heat; heat
Tejokasina	tejyo kasina	fire-contemplation; fire{candle} as a meditational object.
Temasa	tri masa	three months, those of the rainy season.
Tepitaka	tri pitaka	lit. the Three Baskets; the Tipitaka; the three divisions of the Buddhist Canon, viz., Vinaya, Sutta and Abhidhamma, generally known as the Pali Canon.
Tevacika	tri vachika ; 'ch' as in china	lit. pronouncing three words or three times ; especially one who pronounces the threefold formula of refuge, the first being Yasa's father.
Thambha	stambha	obstinacy; immobility; hardness; obduracy.
thana*	sthana	pedestal{as of a Buddha image}.
thananukkama*	Sthana-anukram	the ecclesiastical order of retinue; assistants or staff members; entourage.
thananusatti	sthana-anushaya-smriti	the authority based on one's rank or dignity.
Thavika	-	a small bag in which the monk carries things; a monk's bag; satchel.
Thena	-	a thief;{T.} unbecoming religious; shameless monk.
Thera	sthivara	an elder; a senior member of the Order; a senior monk {of at least ten years' standing}.
Theragatha	sthivara gatha	Psalms of the Brethren; Verses of the Elders; name of the eighth division of the Khuddaka Nikaya.
Theranuthera	sthivara~	senior monks in general.
Theravada	Sthivara vaad	the Doctrine of the Elders; Teaching of the Elders; the Southern School of Buddhism.
Theri	Sthivari	a woman elder; senior nun.
Therigatha	Sthivari gatha	Psalms of the Sisters; Verses of the Women Elders; name of the ninth division of the Khuddaka Nikaya.
Theyyacetana	~chetana;'ch' as in china	intention to steal.
Theyyacitta	~chitta;'ch' as in china	intention to steal.
Theyyasamvasa	-	living clandestinely with the monks; disguising oneself as a monk; communion by theft.
Thina	-	sloth; unwieldiness; impliability; morbid state of mind.
Thinamiddha	-	sloth and torpor; sloth and drowsiness; torpor and languor; stolidity and drowsiness.
thiti, thiti	sthiti	duration; static moment; the moment of standing.
Thullaccaya	sthool~	a grave offence; Serious Transgression.
Thupa	Stupa	{round-topped} towerlike stupa with a pronged crownpiece, relic mound; reliquary mound; tope; cairn; monument erected over the ashes of a holy person.
Thuparahapuggala	stupa araha ~	persons worthy of a tope/stupa; those whose relics should be enshrined.
Tibhava, Tebhumi	tri bhumi	the Three Spheres, viz., the Sense Sphere, the Form Sphere and the Formless Sphere; three realms; three worlds; three planes of existence.
Ticivara	tri cheevara	the three robes of a Bhikkhu, consisting of the under, the upper and the outer robes; Triple Robe.
Tidvara	tri dvar	the three doors or avenues of action: body, speech, and mind.
tika	tika	1. a sub-commentary. 2.{T.} a letter of invitation or invitation card to a monk. 3. {T.} written request for donation. 4.{T.} petition; appeal.
Tilakkhana	tri lakshan	the Three Characteristics; the Three Signs of Being; also called the Common Characteristics.
Tiloka	triloka	the three worlds. .
Tinavattharakavinaya	-	procedure for covering over {as} with grass, {a reconciliation of both parties without need for clearing up the rights and wrongs}.
Tipitakalaya*; Potthakagara*; Ganthalaya*	Tripitakalaya, Pustakalaya, Granthalaya	monastery library; Scripture Library; library of sacred writings.
Tiracchanakatha	tiracchain katha	a variety of worldly talk; childish talk; aimless talk.
Tiracchanavijja	tiracchain vidya	a low art, pseudo-sciences; any study tending to be an obstacle on the way to Nibbana.
Tiracchanayoni	tiracchain yoni	the animal kingdom; the realm of the brute creation; bad rebirth of animals , insects etc.
Tisarana	tri sarana	the Threefold Refuge; Three Refuges; Triple Guide.
Tisaranagamana	tri saran gaman	taking the Threefold Refuge; going to the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Sangha for refuge.
Tisaranagamanupasampada	tri sharan gaman upasampada	ordination by taking the Threefold Refuge.
Titthiya	Taittiriya	an adherent of another religion; heretical teacher; Taittiriya brahman.
Tiveda	tri vedas	lit. the three knowledges; the three Vedas; the three divisions of the Brahmanic canon of authorized religious teaching and practice, viz., Irubbeda{Rigveda}, Yajubbeda{Yajurveda} and Samaveda, to which the fourth, Athabbada{Atharvaveda}, was added later.
Tusita	Tushita	the heavenly realm of delight; the heaven of the satisfied gods; name of the fourth heavenly abode, of which Santusita is the ruler.

U

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Ubbegapiti; Ubbenga-piti	Avaig-preeti	uplifting joy; thrilling emotion.
Ucchedaditthi	Uccheda drishti	annihilationism; the doctrine of the annihilation {of the soul after death}; belief in the annihilation of the soul.
Udakasatika	udak~	a bathing-cloth.
Udana	-	an utterance; a paean; Paeans of Joy; the Solemn Utterances of the Buddha; name of the third division of the Khuddaka Nikaya.
Uddesikacetiya	~chaitya	shrine by dedication; memorial object of worship referring to the Buddha, i.e. a Buddha image.
Uddhacca	uddhat	restlessness; unrest, distraction; flurry.
Uddhaccakukkucca	uddhat	restlessness and worry; flurry and worry; restlessness and anxiety.
Uggahanimitta	-	mental image; learning sign; sign to be grasped.
Ukkhepaniyakamma	Upekshaniya karma	the formal act of suspension; ostracism.
Upacara	-	neighbourhood; surrounding area.
Upacarasamadhi	-	proximate self absorption/trance; approaching self absorption/trance; neighbourhood-self absorption/trance; access self absorption/trance.
Upadana	upadaan	attachment {to worldly} ; clinging; grasping.
Upadanakkhandha	upadaan khanda	aggregate {as object} of clinging/attachment.
Upadayarupa	-	the Derivatives; derivative or secondary material properties dependent on the Four Great Essentials; material qualities derived from the Four Great Essentials; derivative matter.
Upadinnaka	-	lit. grasped by craving and false view; kammically acquired; kammically grasped.
Upaghatakakamma	~karma	destructive kamma.
Upajjhaya	upadhyay	a spiritual teacher; preceptor.
Upakkilesa	Upa-kilesha	impurity; defilement.
Upama	Upama	simile; parable.
Upanaha	-	ill-will; grudge; enmity.
Upapajjavedaniyakamma	~karma	subsequently effective kamma; kamma ripening in the next life.
Upapilakakamma	-	obstructive kamma; counteractive kamma.
Upasaka	Upasaka	lit. one who comes or sits near; a lay devotee; a devout or faithful layman; lay Buddhist.
Upasampada	Upasampada	full {or higher} ordination; taking up the Bhikkhuship; Full Admission to the Sangha; Ordination Cere- mony. v. to be ordained; enter the monkhood; join the Order.
Upasampada, Pabbajja	Upasampada, Pravarjya	giving up the world; adopting the ascetic life; ordination. v. to go forth; give up or renounce the world; become an ascetic, a Bhikkhu or a novice; be ordained; join or enter the Order.
Upasampadacariya, Kammavacacariya + Anusavanacariya	upasampada-acharya , karma-vacha-acharya ; 'ch' as in china	the two monks who chant the formal words of an act{especially, of ordi nation}; Act-Announcer; Ordination-Teacher.
Upasampanna	-	the ordained; a Bhikkhu or Bhikkhuni.
Upasangharaja*	-	any of the highest dignitaries in the hierarchy of the Thai Sangha, second only to the Supreme Patriarch.
Upasika	Upasika	a female devotee; a female lay follower.
Upatthaka	upasthak	attendant; lay supporter.
Upatthambhakakamma	-	supportive kamma.
Upaya	Upaya	means; method; resource; expedient.
Upayasa	-	despair.
Upekkha	Upeksha	1. equanimity; even mindedness; neutrality; poise. 2. indifference; neutral feeling; neither pleasurable nor painful feeling.
Uposatha	-	1. observance; the observance of the Eight Precepts. 2. biweekly recitation of the Vinaya rules by a chapter of Buddhist monks; the days for special meetings of the order, and for recitation of the Patimokkha. 3. the Uposatha hall; consecrated assembly hall.
Uposathadivasa	-	the Buddhist holy day {for fasting & confession , twice a month} day of merit-making; observance day.
Uposathagga, Uposathagara	Uposath agara	the uposatha hall; a chapter house; a hall or building in a monastery in which ecclesiastical acts or ceremonies are performed; consecrated assembly hall;{mis.} church; temple
Uposathasila	Uposath sheel	the Eight Precepts observed by lay devotees on Uposatha days.
Uppabbajati, Vibbhamati	-	v. to leave the Order; leave monkhood; disrobe. .
Uppada	utpad	arising; genesis.
Uttarasanga	-	the upper robe.
Uttarimanussadhamma	Manushy-ottar-Dharma	super human state; extraordinary attainment; super-human attainment.
Utthanasampada	-	the achievement of persistent effort.
Utuniyama	-	physical inorganic order; physical laws.

V

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Vaca	vacha; 'ch' as in china	speech; word; saying.
Vaccakuti	svaccha kuti;'ch' as in china	the water closet; toilet {for monks}; privy.
Vaciduccarita	vachik dushcharitra ; 'ch' as in china	misbehaviour in words; misconduct by speech; verbal mis- conduct.
Vacidvara	vachik dvar; 'ch' as in china	speech as a door of action; speech-door.
Vacikamma	vachik karma; 'ch' as in china	verbal action; deed by word; action performed by speech.
Vacisankhara	vachik sanskar; 'ch' as in china	verbal formation, i.e. Vitakka and Vicara; verbal volition; nature of speech{of a person}.
Vacisucarita	vachik su charitra; 'ch' as in china	good/righteous action in speech; good conduct in word.
Vacivinnatti	vachik vinati; 'ch' as in china	verbal intimation; verbal expression.
Vada	vaad	theory; saying; doctrine; creed.
Vagga	varga	a group; party; chapter of a book.
Vajja, adinava, dosa	-	fault; blemish; defect; corruption; depravity; disadvantage.
Vamsa	Vamsa	tradition; chronicle; lineage.
Vandana, Namassana	Vandana	v. to salute with joined palms.
Vanna	varna	1. colour of the skin; appearance; complexion; beauty. 2. caste. 3. fame; repute
Vara	Var	boon; blessing; favour.
Vassa	varsha	a year; rainy season; the rains; rains-retreat; rains-residence; the Buddhist Lent.
Vassadipa, Vassikapadipa	Vassadipa	candle for the rains; Lenten candle.
Vassavasa	varsha vasa	Vassa-residence; the rains-retreat; rains-residence; keeping the Buddhist Lent; keeping the rainy season; dwelling permanently at a suitable place throughout the three months of the rainy season.
Vassikasatika	varsha~	cloth for the rains; rains-cloth.
Vassupanayikadivasa	-	the first day of the rains-retreat; beginning of the rains-residence; Rains-Entry Day.
Vata	vrata	ascetic practice; religious observance such as fasting etc..
Vatavantu, Yati	vratavant	one who takes up a religious practice or observes a religious vow; ascetic; recluse; hermit.
Vatta	-	the round of rebirth; the round of existences; the cycle of rebirth.
Vatthukama	vastu kaam	objective sensuality; lovely sense-objects; sensual pleasures.
Vaya	-	1. decay; loss 2.{the three} ages; periods of life.
Vayama	-	effort; endeavour; exertion; striving.
Vayodhatu	-	lit. the air-element; motion; the element of motion; vibration.
Vedana	samvedana	sensation {connected to feeling}.
Vedananupassana	samvedana anushaya pashyana	The attention/meditation on sensations; mindfulness as regards sensations; in Buddhist practice , meditation on sensations of body is the main object to cut roots of sin{samhara/sanskar} by remaining in equanimity{samatha} leading to quietitude leading to trance/samadhi then enlightenment.
Veneyya	-	one who is accessible to instruction; one who is ready to receive the Teaching {of the Buddha}; a tractable person; trainable person; teachable person.
Vera	vair	enmity; hostile action; hatred; revenge.
Vesarajja	-	intrepidity; perfect self confidence.
Vessa	Vaishya	a member of the third caste; merchant and agriculturalist; tradesfolk.
Veyyavacca	-	service; helpful activity; attention; duty.
Veyyavaccakara	-	a servant; attendant; monks' agent; one who renders a service; lay bursar {of a monastery}
Veyyavaccamaya	-	{merit} to be gained through, or connected with, rendering one's services.
Vibhanga	-	the Book of Divisions; the Book of Treatises; name of the second book of the Abhidhamma Pitaka.
Vibhavatanha	~trishna	craving for self-annihilation; craving for {or attachment to} sensual pleasures connected with the view of nihilism; craving for non-existence.
Vicara	vichara ; thought process; discursive thinking; deliberation.
Vicaya	vichay; 'ch' as in china	investigation;{T.} research.
Vicikiccha	-	doubt; perplexity; scepsis; scepticism; indecision; uncertainty.
Vidhana	Vidhana	arrangement; performance; ceremony.
Vidhikara*	Vidhikara	master of ceremonies.
Vihara, Arama	Vihara, Arama	1. a dwelling-place {for monks}; retreat; monastery; abode. 2. a state of mind; mode of life. 3.{T.} a temple; Wat; a monastery; repository of Buddha images; Buddha-image hall; shrine- hall.
Viharadhipati*, Adhikarapati*	vihar-adhipati, adhikar-pati	the abbot who is an Ecclesiastical Sub-District Chief as well.
Viharapati*	vihar pati	the abbot, chief administrator of monastery .
Vihimsavitakka	vihinsa vitark	cruel thought; thought of cruelty; thought of violence.
Vijja	vidya	knowledge; transcendental wisdom; the Threefold Knowledge
Vikala	Vikaal	improper time; wrong time; unseemly hours; afternoon and night.
Vikappa	-	to share ownership {of an extra bowl or robe} with another monk.
Vikkhambhanavimutti	-	deliverance by suppression.
Vimamsa	Vimamsa	investigation; reasoning; reflection; examination; testing.
Vimana	Vimana	a celestial mansion; fairy-palace; a mansion in heaven
Vimanavatthu	Vimana vastu	Stories of Heavenly Mansions; Stories of the Mansions; name of the ninth division of the Khuddaka Nikaya.
Vimokkha	vimoksha	Vimutti, deliverance;Nirvana; Moksha; emancipation; release; salvation; liberation; freedom.
Vimutti	vimukti	deliverance;Nirvana; Moksha; emancipation; release; salvation; liberation; freedom.
Vimuttisukha	vimukti sukh	Bliss of vimukti / Emancipation/ nirvana/ moksha/ salvation/ liberation;bliss of freedom.
Vinaya	Viniyama	1. discipline; the monastic regulations; the code of monastic discipline; the rules of discipline of the Order. 2. training; guidance. 3. organization; system.
Vinayadhara	Vinayadhara	one versed in the Discipline; an expert in the disciplinary code.
Vinayadhara-gana, ~-samajja*	-	Eccl. judicature.
Vinayapitaka	Vinaya pitaka	the Basket of Discipline; the Discipline Basket; the Book of Discipline.
Vinipata	-	bad falling; place of suffering; perdition; birth of demons.
Vinnana	vigyan	consciousness; act of consciousness; {T., mis.} soul; spirit.
Vinnanancayatana	vigyan~ayatana	the Realm of Infinity of Consciousness; the Realm of Boundless Consciousness.
Vinnatti	Vinati	1. intimation; expression. 2. begging; {unlawful} request {for food and other requisites}; hinting.
Vinnu	vigya	a wise man.
Vipaka	-	consequence; effect; result; resultant; fruit.
Vipakacitta	vipak chitta; 'ch' as in china	resultant consciousness; kamma resultant.
Vipallasa	-	derangement; perversion; perversity.
Viparinama	Viparinama	change; transformation; alteration; wrongly resulting.
Vipassana	vipashyana	a foremost meditation technique taught by Buddha consisting of watchfulness within with equanimity for insight development & awakeing of samadhi/trance state; intuitive vision; introspection; comtemplation; intuition.
Vipassana-bhavana	Vipassana-bhavana	vipassana meditation practice & insight development with it{see above}.
Vipassanadhura	-	task of vipassana meditation practice; the burden of comtemplation; obligation of insight development.
Vipatti	Vipatti	failure; falling away; misfortune; downfall; disadvantage; abortion; invalidity.
Vippatisara	-	remorse; repentance.
Vipulakarana, Pakasana	Prakashan	propagation; dissemination; spreading.
Viraga	viraag	detachment; dispassionateness; absence of lust; destruction of passions.
Virati	Virati	abstinence; {the three} abstinences.
Viriya	veerya	effort; energy; vigour; endeavour; exertion; perseverance.
Viriyarambha	Viriya-arambha	beginning of exertion; application of exertion; stirred-up energy; energetic effort.
Visajjana	visarjan	answer; explanation;exposition; elucidation.
Visakhapuja	Vishakapuja	Worship on the Full-Moon Day of the sixth lunar month in commemoration of the Buddha's Birth, Enlightenment and Passing; the Buddhist New Year; the Festival of the May Full Moon; widely known as Wesak or Vesak, but preferably,Vesakh or Wesakh.
Visaya	vishay	1. range; reach; scope; sphere; realm; power; capacity. 2. sense-object.
Visesa	Vishesha	unusual virtue; extraordinary state; specific attainment.
Visuddhi	vishuddhi	purity; purification; stage of purity.
Visumgamasima	-	a land grant {set apart for the Sangha of a monastery}; consecrated boundaries; consecrated area; concession; a tract of land {now, usually a small rectangular plot of ground} officially granted to the Sangha for establishing the boundaries of the jurisdiction of a community of monks {now, for consecrating as the site of the Uposatha hall of a monastery}.
Vitakka	vitark	initial application; thought conception; thought.
Vitakkacarita	vitark charitra	the discursive; the ruminating-natured; one of speculative temperament.
Vithicitta	-	thought process; process of cognition; a single unit of cognition; different serial processes of cognition; conscious mind.
Vivadadhikarana	Vivad adhikarana	legal questions concerning disputes; contention {concerning the Doctrine and the Discipline}
Vivahakala, Vivahamangala	Vivaha kaal	wedding; marriage ceremony.
Vivatta	Vivarta	freedom from rebirth; absence of the cycle of existence; Nibbana.
Viveka	Vivek	discernment; knowing right & wrong; seclusion; solitude; detachment.
Vyakarana	Vyakarana	answer; explanation; declaration; exposition; prediction; {grammer}

Y

Pali Word	Sanskrit Word	English Translation
Yakkha	yaksha	1. a spiritual being. 2. an attendant of Kuvera or Vessavana. 3. a messenger of Yama. 4. deity. 5. Sakka. 6. any of the Four Great Kings of four directions 7. powerful ghost {can be good or bad}
Yama	Yama	the Lord of the Underworld; ruler of the kingdom of the dead; death; the realm of the Yama gods; name of the third heavenly abode, of which Suyama is the king.
Yamaka	-	The Book of Pairs; name of the sixth book of the Abhidhamma Pitaka.
Yamakapatihariya	-	the Twin Wonder; the Twin Miracle; the miracle of the double appearances, consisting in the appearance of phenomena of opposite character in pairs, as streaming forth of fire and water at the same time.
Yanna	yagna, yagya	1.{in Hinduism} fireworship with chanting & charity {sacrifice too in olden times} 2. {in Buddhism} alms-giving; charity.
Yasa	yash	glory; fame; repute; success; honour; high position.
Yathabhutananadassana	yattha bhuta gyan darshan	absolute knowledge; the knowledge and vision according to reality; knowing and seeing things as they are.
Yati, Vatavantu	vratavant	one who takes up a religious practice or observes a religious vow; ascetic; recluse; hermit.
Yebhuyyasika	-	decision according to the majority.
Yoga	Yoga	1. effort; endeavour; application; undertaking. 2. bond; tie; attachment; joining; mixing; meeting {yoga means meeting of the mundane consciousness with superconsciousness state}
Yogavacara	Yogavacara	one who practises spiritual exercise; meditator.
Yogi	Yogi	one who devotes himself to spiritual things; an earnest student; one devoted to mental training; meditator.
Yojana	Yojana	a measure of length; a distance of about 10 miles, or 16 kIlometres.
Yoni	Yoni	1. origin; way of birth; place of birth; realm of existence; source; {the four} Modes of Births. 2. thoroughness; knowledge; insight.
Yonisomanasikara	-	proper attention; systematic attention; having thorough method in one's thought; proper consideration; wise consideration; thorough attention; critical reflection; genetical reflection; analytical reflection.