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The Fourth Chapter of Yamaka (Teaching in Pairs)
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4.DHATU YAMAKA ( PAIRS ON ELEMENTS )[]
INTRODUCTION[]
Of the TEN DIVISIONS mentioned in the Book on PAIRS ( YAMAKA ), the Fourth Division is the PAIRS on Elements ( DHATU Yamaka ). Here Elements mean the ultimate constituent of a whole.
The Wholesome, Unwholesome and Indeterminate slates are now explained in the way of the Elements comprising the past, present and future for individual and planes. Elements are so called because they bear their own intrinsic natures.
The Pairs on Elements are again three-fold as follows
(1 ) PANNATI VARA - the Chapter on Terms
(2 ) PAVATTI VARA - the Chapter on Process
(3 ) PARINNA VARA - the Chapter on Comprehension
and so on .... { The rest is the same as stated in the preceeding Division, the PAIRS on Bases ).
However, in the Chapter on Process mentioned above, the Sound element, the five Sense Consciousness elements and the Mind elements are Not mentioned therein because these seven elements do not arise at the moment of rebirth and death consciousness.
Elements are eighteen-fold and obtained from the twelve bases by dividing the mind-base into the seven element of consciousness. Stated below is the eighteen-fold elements :-
1. Visual organ (eye) ]
2. Auditory organ (ear) ]
3. Oflactory organ (nose) ]
4. Gustatory organ (tongue) ] Physical elements
5. Tactile organ (body) ]
6. Visible object ]
7. Sound or audible object ]
8. Odour or Oflactory object ]
9. Gustative object ]
10. Body Impression ]
11. Eye consciousness ]
12. Ear consciousness ]
13. Nose consciousness ] Mental elements
14. Tongue consciousness ]
15. Body consciousness ]
16. Mind elements (mano-dhatu) ]
17. Mental object (dhamma-dhatu) - Either physical or mental or concept
18. Mind consciousness element - Mental
(mano-vinnana-dhatu)
The physical and mental elements of the above are obtained as earlier stated, from the twelve bases: consisting of the five physical organs and ( one ) consciousness, made up of the six personal ( ajjhattika ) bases the six object, being the so-called external ( bahiddha ) bases namely :-
1. Eye or visual organ - Visible object
2. Ear or auditory organ - Sound or audible object
3. Nose or oflactory organ - Odour or oflactive object
4. Tongue or gustatory organ - Taste or gustative object
5. Body or tactile organ - Body impression or tactile object
6. Mind-base or consciousness - Mental object ( dhammayatana )
The Bases and Elements are identical in all other respect. Actually, the aggregates, bases and elements are correlated with the Four Ultimate Realities ( that are Mind, Mental Status, Materiality and Nibbana ).
Due to the Five sensory organs and the Five sense-field objects, the five elements of consciousness are respectively arisen in the cognitive progress. Of them, there is one called the Eye Consciousness element but it is not called as an element of visible object consciousness.
It is so because the sense-field object are related with other types of consciousness; but the sensory organs are related with their respective consciousness of organs only.
BIRTH and DEATH
The birth and death of beings experienced perpetually throughout eternity in unavoidable repetition has given numerous religious people much concern and dilemma.
Of the two, death in particular, has given much problems to the great thinkers and has remained unsolved. In the Buddha’s teachings, however, is found ( in ascending grades); the explanation that :-
1. the Non-returners ( Anagamins) in the Highest Pure Abode (AKANlTTHA ) live only and never die.
2. the Arahants die only and are not reborn.
3. i) the four worldlings comprising :-
a) the woeful rootless worldlings.
b) the blissful rootless worldlings,
c) the dual- rooted worldlings, and
d) the triple-rooted worldlings,
die and are reborn again and again.
ii) the three lower fruition attainers also die and are reborn again until they finally attain Arahantship
4. The four Path Attainers who, on account of their attainment in the respective Paths for just that one moment, there is not BIRTH or DEATH occurring !
More about DEATH
There are two types of death that befall on living beings.
namely :-
1) the ordinary death whereby the person dies and
is re born ( again )
2) the attainment of Ultimate death, after which there is perpetual Bliss Supreme, uninterrupted by ageing, sickness or rebirth or death ever again.
( For further elaboration, refer to the ensuing tabulation ).
MAIN TEXT-THE PAIRS ON ELEMENTS (DHATU YAMAKA)
(ABHIDHAMMA PITAKA)
Veneration to the Exalted, the Purified. the Fully Self- Enlightened.
I. CHAPTER ON TERMS(Pannatti vara)[]
1.SUMMARY CHAPTER ON TERMS (Pannattivara Uddesa )[]
1. ( There are ) eighteen elements: eye element. ear element, nose element, tongue element, body element, visible object element, sound element, smell element, taste element, tangle object element, eye-consciousness element, ear-consciousness element, nose-consciousness element, tongue- consciousness element, body- consciousness. mind element, mind- consciousness clement and cognizable element.
1. CHAPTER ON PURIFICATION OF WORDS
( Padasodhanavara )
Positive ( Anuloma )
2. (It is) eye (Is it) eye element?
(It is) eye element (Is it) eye?
Ear. Ear element? Ear element. Ear?...
Eye-consciousness. Eye consciousness element?
Eye- consciousness element Eye- consciousness?...
Mind. Mind element? Mind element. Mind?
Mind- consciousness. Mind- consciousness element?
Mind- consciousness element Mind- consciousness?
Dhamma. Cognizable element? Cognizable element. Dhamma?
3. Not eye. Not eye element? Not eye element. Not eye?
Not ear. Not ear element? Not ear element Not ear? ...
Not eye- consciousness. Not eye-consciousness element?
Not eye- consciousness element Not eye- consciousness?
Not mind. Not mind-element? Not mind-element Not mind?
Not mind- consciousness. Not mind- consciousness element?
Not mind- consciousness element. Not mind-consciousness?
Not Dhamma. Not cognizable element?
Not Cognizable element. Not Dhamma?
2. CHAPTER ON WHEEL BASED ON PURIFICATION OF WORDS.
(Padasodhanamelacakkavara)
Positive ( Anuloma )
4. Eye. Eye element? Elements. Ear element?
Eye. Eye element? Elements. Cognizable element?
( Here also cycle should be bound to in the same way as in the Pairs of Base )
Negative( Paccanika )
5. Not eye. Not eye element? Not elements. Not ear element.
Not eye. Not eye element? Not elements. Not nose element?
Not eye. No eye element? Not elements. Not cognizable element?
Not Dhamma. Not cognizable element? Not elements. Not eye element?
Not Dhamma. Not cognizable element? Not mind- consciousness element?
( Bind to the cycle.)
3. CHAPTER ON PURE ELEMENT
(Suddhadhatuvara )
Positive ( Anuloma )
6. Eye. Element? Elements. Eye?
Ear. Element? Elements. Ear?
Nose. Elements? Tongue. Element?
Kaya. Element? Rupa. Element? Sound Element?
Smell. Element? Taste. Element?
Tangible object Element?
Eye- consciousness Element? Elements Eye- consciousness?
Ear- consciousness. Element? Elements.
Ear- consciousness? Nose- consciousness?
Tongue-consciousness? Body- consciousness?
Mind. Element? Elements. Mind?
Mind- consciousness. Element? Elements Mind- consciousness?
Dhamma. Element? Element Dhamma.
Negative( Paccanika )
7. Not eye. Not element? Not element. Not eye?
Not ear. Not element? Not element. Not ear?
Not nose. Not tongue. Not Kaya. Not Rupa.
Not sound. Not Smell. Not taste. Not tangible object.
Not eye consciousness. Not element? Not elements.
Not eye consciousness. Not nose consciousness.
Not tongue consciousness.
Not body consciousness. Not elements. Not elements.
Not body consciousness.
Not mind. Not element? Not element. Not mind?
Not mind consciousness . Not element? Not element.
Not mind consciousness?
Not Dhamma. Not element? Not element. Not Dhamma?
4. CHAPTER ON WHEEL BASED ON PURE ELEMENT (Suddhadhatumulacakkavara)
Positive ( Anuloma )
8. Eye. Element? Elements Ear?... Eye
Element? Elements. Dhamma?...
Dhamma. Bement? Sements. Eye?... Dhamma Element? elements Mind consciousness?
( Bind to the cycle.)
9. Not eye Not element Not elements. Not ear?
Not eye Not element Not elements. Not nose?
Not eye Not element Not elements. Not Dhamma?
Not Dhamma Not element Not elements. Not ear?
Not Dhamma Not element Not elements. Not mind-consciousness?
( Bind to the cycle.)
END OF SUMMARY CHAPTER ON TERMS
(Pannatti Uddesavaro)
2.EXPOSITION CHAPTER ON TERMS(Pannattivara niddesa)[]
2. CHAPTER ON PURIFICATIONS OF WORDS
(PadasodhanavAra)
Positive(Anuloma)
10. It is eye. Is it eye element?
Divine eye and Wisdom eye are eye, but not eye element. Eye element is both eye and eye element.
It is eye element. Is it eye?
Yes.
It is ear. Is it ear element?
Divine ear and stream of craving are ear. but not ear element Ear element is both ear and ear element.
It is ear element Is it ear?
Yes.
It is nose. Is it nose element?
Yes.
It is nose element. Is it nose?
Yes.
(Tongue is also the same as nose element.)
It is Kaya. Is it body element?
With the exception of body element the remainings are Kaya, but not body element. Body element is both Kaya and body element.
It is body element Is it Kaya?
Yes.
It is Rupa. Is it visible object element?
With the exception of Visible object element the remainings are Rupa, but not visible object element. Visible element is both Rupa and visible object element.
It is visible object element. Is it Rupa?
Yes.
(Sound is also the same as nose.)
It is smell. Is it smell element?
Fragrance of morality, fragrance of conception and fragrance of wisdom are smell, but not smell element. Smell element is both smell and smell element
It is smell element Is it smell?
Yes.
It is taste, . .. Is it taste element?
Taste of Attha, taste of Dhamma and taste of emancipation are taste, but not taste element. Taste element is both taste and taste element
It is taste element. Is it taste?
Yes.
(Tangible object is also the same as nose.)
It is eye-consciousness. Is it eye-consciousness element? Yes.
It is eye consciousness element. Is it eyes-consciousness? Yes.
Ear-consciousness, nose-consciousness, tongue-consciousness, body-consciousness.
It is mind. Is It mind-element?
With the exception of mind-element the remainings are mind, but not mind element. Mind element is both mind and mind element.
It is mind element. Is it mind? Yes.
It is mind consciousness. Is it mind consciousness element? Yes.
It is mind consciousness element. Is it mind consciousness ? Yes.
It is Dhamma. Is it cognizable element?
With the exception of cognizable element the remainings are Dhamma, but not cognizable element.
Cognizable element is both Dhamma and copazable element.
It is cognizable element. Is it Dhamma? Yes.
Negative ( Paccanika )
11. It is not eye. Is it not eye element? Yes.
It is not eye element . Is it not eye?
Divine eye and Wisdom eye base are not eye element, but eye. With the exception of eye and eye element the remainings are neither eye nor element.
It is not ear. Is it ear element? Yes.
It is not ear element. Is it not ear?
Divine ear and stream of craving are not ear element, but ear. With the exception of ear and ear element the remaining are neither ear nor ear element.
It is not nose. Is it not nose element? Yes.
It is not nose element. Is it not nose? Yes.
It is not tongue.
(Abbreviated. Both (answers) are "Yes" )
It is not Kaya. Is it not body element? Yes.
It is not body element. Is it not Kaya?
With the exception of body element the remaining are not body element, but Kaya. With the exception of Kaya and body element the remaining are neither Kaya nor body base.
It is not rupa. Is it not visible object element? Yes.
It is not visible object element. Is it not Rupa?
With the exception of visible object element the remaining are not visibie object element but Rupa. With the exception of Rupa and visible object element the remaining are neither Rupa nor visible object element.
It is not sound. It is not smell. It is not smell element? Yes.
It is not smell element. Is it not smell?
Fragrance of morality, fragrance of concentration and fragrance of wisdom are not smell element, but smell. With the exception of smell and smell element the remaining are neither smell nor smell element.
It is not taste. Is it not taste element? Yes.
It is not taste element. Is it not taste?
Taste of Attha, taste of Dhamma and taste of emancipation are not taste element, but taste. With the exception of taste and taste element the remaining are neither taste nor taste element.
It is not tangible object.
It is not eye-consciousness. Is it not eye-consciousness element? Yes.
It is not eye-consciousness element . Is it not eye-consciousness? Yes.
It is not ear-consciousness. It is not body- consciousness.
It is not mind. Is it not mind element? Yes.
It is not mind element. Is it not mind?
With the exception of mind element the remainings are not mind element but mind. With the exception of mind and mind element the remaining are neither mind nor mind element.
It is not mind consciousness. Is it not mind consciousness element? Yes.
It is mind consciousness element Is it not mind consciousness? Yes.
It is not Dhamma. Is it not cognizable element? Yes.
It is not cognizable element. Is it not Dhamma?
With the exception of cognizable element the remaining are not cognizable element, but Dhamma. With the exception of Dhamma and cognizable element, the remaining are neither Dhamma nor cognizable element.
2.CHAPTER ON WHEEL BASED ON PURIFICATION OF WORDS
(Padasodhanamulacakkavara )
Positive (Anuloma )
12. It is eye. Is it eye element?
Divine and Wisdom eye are eye. but not eye element. Eye element is both eye and eye element.
They are elements. Are they ear element?
Ear element is both element and ear element. The remaining are elements, but not ear element.
It is eye. Is it eye element?
Divine eye and Wisdom eye are eye, but not eye element. Eye element is both eye and eye element
They are elements. Are they nose element?
They are elements. Are they cognizable element?
Cognizable element is both element and cognizable element. The remaining are elements, but not cognizable element
( This Chapter in Terms in the Pairs on Elements should be bound to the cycle as in the Chapter on Terms in the Pairs on Bases.)
Negative ( Paccanika )
13. It is not eye. Is it not eye element? Yes.
They are not elements. Are they not ear element? Yes.
It is not eye. Is it not eye element? Yes.
They are not elements. Are they not nose element?
They are not elements. Are they not cognizable element? Yes.
[ Bind is the cycle in both ( progressive and regressive order and remaining answer are all "Yes")
3. CHAPTER ON PURE ELEMENT
(Suddhadhatuvara)
Positive ( Anuloma )
14. It is eye. Is it element? Yes.
They are element. Are they eye element?
Eye element is both element and eye element. The remainings are elements, but not eye element.
It is ear. Is it element? Yes.
It is nose....It is tongue ... It is Kaya ... It is Rupa ... It is sound ... It is smell ... It is taste ... It is tangible object.
It is eye- consciousness. Is it element? Yes.
They are elements. Are they eye- consciousness element?
Eye- consciousness element is both element and eye-consciousness element. The remainings are elements, but not eye-consciousness... It is tongue- consciousness ... It is body- consciousness
It is mind. Is it element? Yes.
They are elements. Are they mind element?
Mind element is both element and mind element. The remainings are elements, but not mind element
It is mind-consciousness. Is it element? Yes.
They are elements. Are they mind-consciousness element?
Mind-consciousness element is both element and mind- consciousness element. The remainings are elements, but not mind-consciousness element.
It is Dhamma. Is it element? Yes.
They are elements. Are they cognizable element?
Cognizable element is both element and cognizable element. The remaining are elements, but not cognizable element.
Negative ( Paccanika )
15. It is not eye. Is it not element?
With the exception of eye the remaining elements are not eye, but elements. With the exception of eye and elements the remaining are neither eye nor elements.
They are not elements. Are they not eye element?
Yes.
It is not ear. Is it not element?
With the exception of ear ... with the exception of nose ... with the exception of tongue ...
It is not Kaya. Is it not element? Yes.
They are not elements. Are they not body element? Yes.
It is not Rupa. Is it not element?
With the exception of Rupa ... sound ... smell ... taste ... tangible object ... eye-consciousness with the exception of mind consciousness ...
It is not Dhamma. Is it not element? Yes
They are not elements. Are they not cognizable element? Yes.
4. CHAPTER ON WHEEL. BASED ON PURE ELEMENT
(Suddhadhu mulacakkavara).
Positive ( Anuloma )
16. It is eye. Is it element? Yes.
They are element. Are they ear element?
Ear element is both element and ear element. The remainings are elements, but not ear element.
It is eye. Is it element? Yes.
They are elements. Are they nose element? ... They are element... Are they cognizable element?
Cognizable element is both element and cognizable element. The remaining are elements, but not cognizable element.
( Bind to the cycle)
Negative ( Paccanika )
17. It is not eye. Is it not element?
With the exception of eye the remaining elements are not eye. but elements. With the exception of eye and elements the remaining are neither eye nor elements.
They are not elements. Are they not ear element? Yes.
It is not eye. Is it not element?
With the exception of eye the remaining elements are not eye. but elements. With the exception of eye and elements the remaining are neither eye nor elements. They are not elements. Are they not ear element? Yes.
It is not eye. Is it not element?
With the exception of eye the remaining elements are not eye, but elements. With the exception of eye and elements the remaining are neither eye nor elements.
They are not elements. Are they not cognizable element? Yes.
It is not Dhamma. Is it not element? Yes.
They are not elements. Are they not eye element? Yes.
They are not elements. Are they not ear elements? ...
They are not elements. Are they not mind- consciousness element? Yes.
( Bind to the cycle )
( Expand this ' Chapter in Terms ‘ of The Pairs on Elements in the same way as in the ' Chapter on Terms * of ' The Pairs on Bases. ‘)
END OF EXPOSITION CHAPTER ON TERMS.
( Parmattintddesavaro )
II. CHAPTER ON PROCESS(Pavatti Vara)[]
1. CHAPTER ON ORIGINATION (Uppasavara)
1. CHAPTER ON THE PRESENT (Paccupoanavara)
Positive ( Anuloma) Person (Puggala ).
18. Eye element arises to this person.
Does ear element arise to that person
To those at the birth-moment who are to obtain eye element but not ear element, eye element rises; ear element does not arise to those persons. To those at the. birth-moment who are to obtain eye element and ear element, eye element arises and ear element also arises.
Ear element arises to this person.
Does, eye element arise to that person?
To those at the birth-moment who are to obtain ear element but not eye element, ear element arises: eye element does not arise to those persons. To those at the birth-moment who are to obtain ear clement and eye element ear element arises and eve element also arises.
To those at the birth-moment who are to obtain eye element but not nose element, eye element arises; nose element does not arise to those persons. To those at the birth- moment who are to obtain eye element and nose element, eye element arises and nose element also arises.
Nose element arises to this person.
Does eye element arise to that person?
To those at the birth-moment who are to obtain nose element but not eye element, nose element arises; eye element does not arise to these persons. To these at the birth-moment who are to obtain nose element and eye element, nose element arises and eye element also arises.
Eye element arises to this person.
Does visible object element arise to that person? Yes.
Visible object element arises to this person.
Does eye element arise to that person?
To those at the birth-moment who are to obtain visible object element but not eye element, visible object element arises; eye element does not arise to those persons. To those at the birth-moment who are to obtain eye element, visible object element arises and eye element also arises.
Eye element arises to this person.
Does mind-consciousness element arise to that person? Yes.
Mind-consciousness element arises to this person. .
Does eye element arise to that person?
To those at the birth-moment who are to obtain mind-consciousness element but not eye element, mind-consciousness element arises; eye element does not arise to those persons. To those at the birth-moment who are to obtain eye element, mind-consciousness element arises and eye element also arises.
Eye element arises to this person.
Does cognizable element arise to that person? Yes.
Cognizable element arises to this person.
Does eye element arise to that person?
To those at the birth-moment who are not to obtain eye element cognizable element arises; eye element does not arise to those persons. To those at the birth-moment who are to obtain eye element, cognizable element and eye element also arises.
Rest of this Chapter of the Pairs on Elements should also be explained in the same way as in the Chapter of The Pairs on Bases(Ayatana) (as in 3.Yamaka-Ayatana).
III.CHAPTER ON COMPREHENSION (Pariññāvāra)[]
The person comprehends eye element.
Is that person comprehends ear element ?
Rest of the chapter on comprehension is completed same as in 3.Yamaka-Ayatana.
END OF THE PAIRS ON ELEMENTS