Various Other Previous Buddhas

Tipitaka >> Sutta Pitaka >> Khuddaka Nikaya >> Apadana >> Apadana-1 >> Various Other Previous Buddhas

Source : Probably PTS

= Apadana Part - 1 : Previous Buddhas =

Buddha Kondanna
1.47. Subsequent upon the demise, however, of the

Glorious Buddha Dīpańkara, when a period of innumerable aeons

(kappa) had passed, there arose the Master, Koņ̄dañña, by name.

To Him also there were three assemblies of disciples: a hundred

thousand crores in the first assembly; a thousand crores in the

second and ninety crores in the third. At that time, the Bodhisat

became a universal monarch, Vijitāvī by name, and gave a great

charity to a hundred thousand crores of bhikkhu organisation

(Sangha) headed by Buddha. The Teacher prophesied to the Bodhisat

that he would become Buddha and (later) preached him the Dhamma.

The monarch heard the religions discourse of the Teacher and went

renunciation as a recluse after abdicating the sovereignty of the

kingdom. He acquired the knowledge of the three pitakas, aroused

in himself the eight attainments in meditation (samapatti) as

well as the five kinds of super-knowledge and never lacking in

reaching the higher stages of Jhana, was reborn in the Brahma

world. For the Buddha Kondanna, however, the name of the city

was Rammavati. His father was a Khattiya king Sunanda; His

mother was Queen Sujatā. Bhadda and Subhadda were His two chief

disciples. Anuruddha was attendant at His service. Tissā and

Upatissā were His two chief female disciples. His tree of en-

lightenment, (bodhi), was the good Sal tree (Sālakalyānī). His

physique was eight cubits in height. His span of life

was a hundred thousand years.

Subsequent upon the demise of Dīpańkara,

there appeared the Leader Koņ̄dañña, Buddha

of endless power, incomparable reputation

and retinue, the peerless and difficult to

defeat (durasadā)

Buddha Mangala, Sumana, Revata & Sobhita
1.48. Subsequent upon His demise, on the expiry of a

long interval of innumerable aeons, (kappa), there arose four

Buddhas: Mańgala, Sumana, Revata and Sobhita, in a single aeon

(kappa) only. Out of three assemblies of the Glorious Buddha

Mangala, the first assembly comprised a hundred thousand crores

of bhikkhus; in the second a thousand crores; in the third ninety

crores. It is said that His brother, born of different mother,

the youthful Ānanda, by name, together with an assembly of people

numbering ninety crores, went to the presence of the Master to

listen to His dhamma. The Master delivered to him a religious

discourse in its gradual order (anupubbikatham). Along with the

audience, he attained arahatship together with the four kinds of

analytical knowledge. The master in looking out for the former

practices of these sons of good families, found out their suffi-

cing qualification for magically getting their bowls and robes

(upanissaya), and stretching out His right hand said: "Come, O

Bhikkhus!" All of them, immediately, became suitably attired

like unto elderly monks aged sixty years, wearing robes and

carrying bowls, paid homage to the Master by bowing and

surrounded him. This was His third assembly of disciples.

1.49. Just as, however, round about other Buddhas

there were bodily rays radiating to the extent of eighty cubits

in extent even, not similarly so of this Buddha. The bodily rays

of that glorious Buddha, however, stood at all times pervading

the ten thousand world-element. Trees, earth, mountains, oceans

etc., even pots in which rice and other food are boiled etc.,

became consequently as if covered over with gold slabs. His span

of life, however, was ninety thousand years. For such a period

of His span of life the moon, the sun, etc., were not able to

shine out their own rays. Night portion and day period were

not apparent. Living-beings went about always by the light of

the Buddha only, as if they were going about by day in the light

of the sun. The world of living-beings noted the divisions of

day and night by means of kusuma flowers that blossom in the

evening and the crying (ravanaka) of birds,etc., in the morning.

1.50. A question may be asked: How is it then? Is

there no such mighty power of other Buddhas? No. It is not that.

They also, indeed, should they so desire, could pervade with

their bodily rays either ten thousand world elements or even

beyond that. The bodily rays of mańgala Buddha, on the other

hand, because of the influence of His previous prayer, stood

pervading the ten thousand world element at all times similar to

the fathom-long nimbus of other buddhas. it is said that when He

was carrying out the practice of Bodhisats, he, leading his own

life, lived in a hilly forest resembling the Vańka hill, together

with his wife and children, like unto Vessantara. Then, an ogre,

sharp-tusker by name, hearing the keen charitable motive of the

great personage approached the Great Being in the guise of a

brahmin and begged for his two male children. The Great Being

became joyful and glad saying 'Brahmin! I give you my sons,'

and gave away also his two male children, making the water-bor-

dering great universal earth quake. The ogre stood close to

the balustrade board at the extremity of the cloister and ate

up the male children like a bunch of edible lotuses, while the

Great Being was looking on. Even to the extent of a tip of a

hair, mental displeasure did not appear to the great personage,

in spite of the fact that when he looked at the ogre, the moment

the latter opened his mouth, he saw the latter's mouth, carrying

and holding blood resembling flames of fire. On the other hand,

there arose great zest and mental pleasure, all over his body,

as he contemplated saying: 'my charity is, indeed, well given'.

The great personage aspired thus:- "As the outcome of

this my charity, may rays radiate out of my body in this manner,

accordingly in time to come". Consequent upon that aspiration

of His, rays radiated from Him when he became Buddha and permeate

such an extensive space.

1.51. Another of His previous practice existed also.

It is said that when He was a Bodhisat, He saw a shrine of Buddha

and saying to Himself: "It behoves me to completely sacrifice

my life to this Buddha", he spent the whole night circumambulating

the shrine setting His entire body aflame by carrying on His head

a gem-crested golden bowl, worth a hundred thousand, which was

filled with ghee, where a thousand wicks were lit, after enveloping

his entire body in the manner of shading over a lighted stick.

The heat, however, did not in any way affect him, to the extent

of His pores even, although He energetically carried it out

in this way until sun-rise. To Him it resembled the occasion

when he had entered the chamber of lotus flowers. Surely, indeed

the Dhamma, does look after one who does observe the Dhamma

himself. Therefore, the Glorious Buddha said:

"Dhamma, indeed, looks after the one who practises

Dhamma. The well-practised Dhamma brings about

happiness. When Dhamma is properly practised this

is the benefit: One who practises Dhamma does not

go to purgatory".

As a result of this good deed also, the glow of that

Glorious Buddha's body stayed steadfastly, pervading the ten

thousand world-element(lokadhātu).

1.52. At that time our Bodhisat became a brahmin,

named Suruci. Saying to himself: 'I shall invite the Teacher',

he approached the Buddha, listened to his melodious religious

discourse and said: "Venerable Sir, tomorrow, kindly accept

my food as alms". 'O Brahmin! With how many bhikkhus do you

want!' responded the Buddha. The Brahmin Replied "Venerable

Sir! Any number, however, of bhikkhus who constitute your

retinue. At that time, there was the Teacher's first assembly

of disciples only. Therefore he replied: 'a hundred thousand

crores'. The Brahmin responded: 'Venerable Sir! Together

with all of them also please accept my food as alms. The

Master consented. The brahmin, on his way home after inviting

the Buddha for the next day's meal, reflected thus: "I am

capable of offering rice-gruel, cooked rice and curry, clothes,

etc., to that large number of bhikkhus; so far as seating

space is concerned what will happen?"

1.53. That thought of that brahmin

heated the stone-seat, similar to pale-yellow velvet, of the

king of devas, which stood on top of the heavenly height of

eighty four thousand leagues (yojana). Sakka saying to himself

'who, indeed, is desirous of my leaving this place'

looked about with his heavenly eyes and found the great man and

made himself apparent in front of him, holding a hatchet and an

axe, after having disguised himself as a carpenter, with this

idea: "The brahmin named Suruci, having invited the organisation

of bhikkhus led by Buddha, thought over seating space for them;

It befits me to go there and take a share of merit". The

carpenter asked: "Is there, indeed, any piece of work that

should be done for anybody on wages?" The great man saw him

and put this question to him: "What work will you do?" "To

me there is no technical work that could not intelligently

done. Whoever wants me to build a house or a pandal I know

how to do it for him", replied the carpenter, The great man

responded 'Well then, indeed, I have work to be done'. When

asked what the work was, the reply was:- 'For the next day

meal a hundred thousand crores of bhikkhus were invited by me;

you will build a pandal to get them seated.' The carpenter

complied: 'If you are able to pay me wages, I would

do the work'. When the reply was in the affirmative that he

could pay, the carpenter consented to do the work

and went and looked about for a suitable site. An area of

twelve thirteen yojanas in extent was of even surface, resembling

a circular mechanical aid to jhāna exercise (kasiņa maņ̄dala).

He looked at the site pondering: "On this area of land let a

pandal be made of seven kinds of gems to rise up". There and

then the pandal rose up, breaking open the earth. The gold

pillars of that pandal had on them silver capitals; silver

pillars had gold capitals; on the gem pillars were coral capitals

on the coral pillars were mounted ruby capitals and on the

pillars of seven gems were mounted capitals made of seven kinds

of gems. Thereafter, the pandal-builder looked at the structure

with the idea: 'Let there be a netted fringe of tinkling bells

hanging down at intervals inside the pandal". Thus, as he

looked about, the net of bells came hanging down. It emits

sweet sound of five kinds of musical instruments as and when

shaken by a tender breeze. It seemed similar to the occasion,

when celestial songs were sung together. As and when it was

thought: "Let there be chains of sweet-scented garlands of

flowers hanging down here and there at intervals", there

appeared chains of flower-garlands hanging down. The builder

also contemplated: "Let seats and stands for bhikkhus numbering

a hundred thousand crores come up breaking open the earth".

There and then they all appeared. He planned thus also: "Let

there arise water vessels, one each at every corner". According-ly the water vessels did appear.

1.54. When he had finished creating this much, he

went to the presence of the brahmin and said: "Come, my lord!

Look at your pandal and pay my wages". The great man went and had a look at the pandal. As and when he looked at the pandal,

his entire body or physique became permeated permanently with

zest of five descriptions. Thereafter, when he had looked at the

pandal, this idea occurred to him: "This pandal was not built by

a human being. Due to my deep desire and my virtue, surely, the

mansion of Sakka must have become hot. Consequently, it must be

that this pandal was built by Sakka, King of devas". He

contemplated also thus: "In such a pandal as this one, however,

it is not befitting for me to offer charity for one day only,

I shall give offering for seven days". Offering of external

objects, indeed, even if it be so much as is not able to

satisfy the Bodhisats. On the other hand, there, namely, is

contentment to the Bodhisats as a result of their sacrifice at

the time of their giving away his decorated head after cutting

it off, or his anointed eyes after removing them, or his fleshy

heart after anointing it. Indeed, to our Bodhisat also in the

birth-story (Jātaka), of King Sivi, that charity, which consisted

in giving away daily five hundred thousand kahāpanas at the four

gates as well as in the middle of the city, was not able to bring

about his contentment in sacrifice. On the other hand, his

joyous laughter arose when he gave away his pair of eyes when

asked for by Sakka, King of devas, who came to him in the guise

of a brahmin. There was no change of mind even to the extent

of the tip of a hair. In this way, there is, namely, no

contentment to the Bodhisats as regards the offering given by

them. Therefore, that great man, also, gave charity known as

bovine beverage (gavapāna) for seven days requesting the

Buddha and His disciples to sit down in that pandal, having

contemplated thus: "It befits me to give charity for seven

days to the bhikkhus numbering a hundred thousand crores".

The expression: gavapāna is to be interpreted as a specially

cooked eatable prepared with a few grains of rice along with

heated honey, powdered sugar and ghee thrown into the milk as

it became cooked to solidity in vast vessels

filled full with milk and mounted on ovens. However, human-

beings, by themselves were not able to hospitably offer it.

Together with the divine beings alternately, they catered.

The spacious area of twelve thirteen yojanas even was not

able to accommodate all the bhikkhus. Those bhikkhus, however,

took their seats by means of their own power. On the last and

final day, however, he had the begging bowls of all the bhikkhus

well washed and filled them for medicinal purpose with ghee,

fresh butter, oil, honey and molasses and offered them together

with sets of three robes. The robe-garments received by the

fresh bhikkhus of the clergy were worth a hundred thousand.

1.55. The Master, expressing thanks, investigated:

"This man gave such a great charity as this; who, indeed, will

he be?" and found out: "On a distant date, in future, a hundred

thousand aeons (Kappa) over and above two sets of innumerable

aeons (kappa) hence, he will become Buddha, Gotama, by name."

The Master called the great man and prophesied thus: "You

will become Buddha, Gotama by name, when a period of so long a

time had passed over." When the great man heard the prophecy,

he thought thus: "I am told that I shall be Buddha. What is

the use of the household life to me, I shall renounce and become

a recluse". He abandoned all his aforesaid prosperity like unto

a lump of saliva, became a recluse in the presence of the Master,

acquired the words of Buddha, attained super-knowledge as we;;

to Jhāna and at the end of the span of his life was reborn in

the Brahmā world.

1.56. The city of the Glorious Buddha Mańgala,

however, was known as Uttara. His father was Uttara by

name, also of the warrior (Khattiya) clan. His mother was

by name Queen Uttara also. Sudeva and Dhammasena were His

two chief disciples. His serving attendant was Pālita by name.

Siavli and Asoka were His chief female disciples. His tree of

enlightenment (bodhi) was the Iron-wood, Nāga tree. His body

was eighty eight cubits in height. He lived for ninety thousand

years. When He passed away into complete nibbāna, the ten

thousand world cycles unanimously became a mass of darkness

at once. In all the universes, there was weeping and lamenta-

tion of human beings.

"Subsequent on Koņ̄dañña, the Leader, Mańgala,

by name, dispelled darkness in the world and

held aloft the torch of righteousness (dhamma)"

1.57. The Master Sumana, by name, arose in the world

subsequent upon the complete passing away into nibbāna of that

glorious Buddha after thus darkening the ten thousand world

element. His assembly of disciples were also three in number.

In the first assembly, there were a hundred thousand crores of

bhikkhus. In the second assembly on the golden mountain there

were ninety thousand crores. In the third, there were eighty

thousand crores. At that time, the Great Being was a king of

dragons, (nāgarājā), of high magical potency and great power,

Atula by name. That king of dragons heard about the appearance

of Buddha, went out of his mansion of dragons surrounded by his

company of relatives, offered great charity accompanied

by heavenly music, made an offering of a pair of robes each to

that glorious Buddha as well as His retinue of a hundred thousand

crores of bhikkhus and established himself in the three-gem

refuges. That Master also prophesied to him thus: "You will

become Buddha in time to come". The city of that glorious

Buddha was mekhala by name. His father was King Sudatta by

name. His mother was a queen named Sirimā. Sarava and Bhāvitatta

were His two chief disciples. Udena was His serving attendant.

Soņā and Upasonā were His two chief lady-disciples. His bodhi

tree was the iron-wood tree (nāgarukkha). His body was ninety

cubits in height. his span of life was ninety thousand years.

Subsequent upon Mańgala, there came the Leader

Sumana, the most excellent among all living beings,

peerless in all righteousness, (dhamma).

1.58. Next to Him, there arose the Master Revata,

by name. His assemblies of disciples were also three in number.

In the first assembly the number was incalculable. In the second

there were a hundred thousand crores of bhikkhus. Similar in num-

ber was the third. At that time, the bodhisat became a brahmin,

Atideva By name. Having heard the preaching of Dhamma made by

the Master, he became established in the Triple-Gem Refuges.

Placing his clasped hands on his head, he heard the Buddha

praising the abandonment of depravity (kilesa) and honoured Him

with his upper garment. That Buddha also prophesied to him that

he would become Buddha. The city of that glorious Buddha was

known as Sudhaññavatī. His father was Vipula by name, of the

warrior clan (khattiya). His mother was known as Vipulā. Varuņa

and Brahmadeva were His two chief disciples. Sambhava was the

name of His serving attendent. Bhaddā and Subhaddā were His two

chief female disciples. His bodhi was the Iron-wood tree

(Nāgarukkha). His span of life was sixty thousand years.

"Next after Sumana was the Leader Revata. The most

excellent conqueror was he, incomparable, unequalled and

peerless.

1.59. Next after Him, there arose the Master, named

Sobhita. His assemblies of disciples were three in number also.

In the first assembly, there were a hundred crores. In the

second, there were ninety crores. In the third, there were

eighty crores. At that time, the Bodhisat became a brahmin

named Ajitra. He listened to the Master's religious discourse,

got established in the refuges and gave a great charity to the

organisation of bhikkhus headed by Buddha. That Buddha also

prophesied that he would become Buddha. The city of that

glorious Buddha was known as Sudhamma His father was king

Sudhamma by name. His mother was named Queen Sudhammā also.

Asama and Sunetta were His two chief disciples. Anoma by name

was His service-attendant. Nakulā and Sujātā were His two

chief female disciples. The iron-wood tree (Nāgarukkha)was His

Bodhi. His body was fifty eight cubits in height. His span

of life was ninety thousand years.

Next after Revata, there arose the Leader named

Sobhita. Tranquil-minded was he, with self-

determination. He was peerless with no rival

for Him.

=== Buddhas: Anomadassī paduma & Nārada === 1.60. Subsequent upon that Buddha, when a long period

of innumerable aeons had passed over, there appeared, in a single

kappa, three Buddhas: Anomadassī paduma and Nārada. Three

assemblies of disciples existed for the glorious Buddha

Anomadassī: In the first assembly there were eight hundred

thousand bhikkhus. In the second there were seven and in the

third six. At that time the Bodhisat became an ogre army-

general, who was magically mighty and greatly powerful. He

was the supreme chief of innumerable thousands of crores of

ogres. That ogre-general heard that Buddha had arisen, came

and gave a great charity to the congregation of bhikkhus headed

by Buddha. That Buddha also prophesied that he would become

Buddha in time to come. The city of the glorious Buddha

Anomadassī, was Candavatī by name. The king named

Yasavā was His father. The queen named Yasodharā was His

mother. Nisabha and Anoma were His two chief disciples.

The attendant at His service was Varuņa by name. Sundarī

and Sumanā were His two chief female disciples. The tree

Pentaptera Arjuna was His bodhi tree. His body was fifty eight

cubits in height. His span of life was a hundred thousand years.

The next omniscient Buddha, the most excellent

among men, after Sobhita, was Anomadassī, of

immeasurable reputation, powerful and difficult

to excel.

1.61. Next after Him, the Master, Paduma, by name,

arose. His assemblies of disciples also were three in number.

In the first assembly, there were a hundred thousand crores of

bhikkhus. In the second there were three hundred thousand

In the third, there were two hundred thousand bhikkhus, who

did not well in villages but lived as forest-dwellers in very

deep forests. At that time the Bodhisat was a lion. His mind

became full of faith, when he saw the Master enjoying. His

own attainment of completely immortal peace (nirodhasamāpatti)

paid homage to Him, circumambulated Him, became full of zest,

accompanied by mental delight, roared the roar of a lion thrice,

did not abandon for seven days his zest, did not depart

for his hunting round, did complete sacrifice of his life and

stood attending on the glorious Buddha. The Master, on the

expiry of seven days rose from His enjoyment of immortal

bliss (nirodha) looked at the lion and bethought Himself:

"This one will provoke mentally its faith in the congregation

of bhikkhus also and worship the clergy; let the concourse of

bhikkhus come over here." Immediately then, all the bhikkhus

came. The lion also made his mind become full of faith in

the congregation of bhikkhus. The master looked into its

mind and prophesied: "It will become Buddha in future."

The city of the glorious Buddha Paduma was Campaka

by name. The king named Asama was His father. the Queen

named Asamā was His mother. Sāla and Upasāla were His chief

disciples. His attendant to serve Him was Varuņa by name.

Rāmā and Surāmā were His two chief female disciples. Sona

tree was His bodhi tree. His body was fifty eight cubits in

height. A hundred thousand years long was the span of His life.

The next omniscient Buddha, the most excellent

among men, after Anomadassī was Paduma, by name,

the peerless personage with no rival.

1.62. Next after Him the Master named Nārada arose.

His assemblies also were three in number. In the first assembly

there were a hundred thousand crores of bhikkhus. Ninety

thousand crores were in the second and eighty thousand crores

in the third. At that time, the Bodhisat renounced the world,

became a hermit-recluse, became conversant in the practice of

the eight kinds of jhānas and in the five kinds of super-

knowledge. he gave a great offering to the congregation of

bhikkhus headed by Buddha and honoured them with red sandal-

wood. That Master also prophesied to him that he would become

Buddha in future. The city of that glorious Buddha was Dhanññvatī

by name. His father was of warrior clan (khattiya) sudeva, by

name. The queen named Anomā was His mother. Bhaddasāla and

Jitamitta were his two chief disciples. His attendant at His

service was Vāsetthţţha by name. Uttarāand Phaggunī were His two

chief female disciples. The great Sona tree was His bodhi. His

ninety thousand years.

"The Omniscient Buddha, the most excellent among

men, next after Paduma, was Nārada by name, peerless

and rival less."

=== Buddha  Padumuttara === 1.63. After the demise of Buddha Nārada, on the

expiry of a hundred thousand kappas, there arose a single

Buddha only Padumuttara, by name in a certain kappa. There

were three assemblies of disciples of that Buddha also. In

the first assembly, there were a hundred thousand crores of

bhikkhus. In the second assembly on the Vebhāra hill, there

were ninety thousand crores and in the third, eighty thousand

crores. At that time, the Bodhisat became a great citizen

of wealth, named Jāţila, who gave charity including robes to

congregation of bhikkhus headed by Buddha. That Master also

prophesied to him that he would become Buddha in future. In

the days of the glorious Buddha Padumuttara, however, there

were, namely, no heretics. All celestial and human beings went

to Buddha alone for their refuge. His city was Hamsavatī by

name. His father was a king of warrior clan (khattiya) named

Ānanda. The Queen, named Sujātā, was His mother. Devala and

Sujāta were His two chief disciples. Sumana was the name of

the attendant at His service. Amitā and Asamā were His two

chief female disciples. Sal tree was His bodhi tree. His body

was fifty eight cubits in height. the rays of his body spread

all around to the extent of twelve leagues (yojana). His span

of life was ten thousand years.

In the wake of Nārada, the omniscient Buddha, the

most excellent man, Padumuttara by name, became

the Conqueror, similar to the ocean, imperturbable.

1.64. In the wake of his demise, on the expiry of

thirty thousand aeons (kappa), there arose, in a single aeon

(kappa) two Buddhas: Sumedha and Sujāta. There were three

assemblies of disciples for Sumedha also. In the first assembly,

there were a hundred crores of arahats, free from cankers (āsava),

in the city of Sudassana. In the second, there were ninety

crores and in the third, eighty crores. At that time the Bodhisat

was a young man, named uttara, who spent his wealth of eighty

crores out of his buried treasure in giving great charity to the

congregation of monks, headed by Buddha. He then listened to

the Dhamma, established himself in the refuges, renounced the

world and became a recluse. That Buddha also prophesied that

he would become Buddha in future. The city of the glorious

Buddha Sumedha was Sudassana, by name. the king named Sudatta

was His father. The Queen named Sudattā also was His mother.

Saraņa and Sabbakāma were His two chief disciples. Sāgara was

in His service. Rāmā and Surāmā were His two chief female

disciples. The tree of Nipa variety (or species of Asoka tree)

was his bodhi tree. His Body was eighty eight cubits in height.

His span of life was ninety thousand years.

Next to Padumuttara, the Leader was Sumedha.

Difficult to attack was the Sage of mighty

power, the most excellent among all men.

=== Buddha Sujata === 1.65. In His wake, the Master, named Sujāta, arose.

His assemblies of disciples were three in number also. In the

first assembly, there were sixty hundred thousand bhikkhus. In

the second, there were fifty and in the third forty. At that

time the Bodhisat became a universal monarch, who, on hearing

that Buddha had arisen, approached Him, listened to the dhamma

gave away as charity his sovereignty over the four great islands

together with his seven kinds of royal bejewelled regalia to the

congregation of monks headed by Buddha and became a recluse in

the presence of the Master. All the residents of his kingdom

took hold of the products of their country, gave great offerings

at all times to the congregation of monks headed by Buddha,

performing the duties of the entire monastic establishment.

That Master also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha

in future. Sumańgala was the name of that glorious Buddha's

city. The king, named Uggata, was his father. His mother was

Pabhāvatī by name. Sudassana and Sudeva were His two chief

disciples. Nārada was attendant at His service. Nāgā and

Nāgasamālā were His two chief female disciples. The great

bamboo tree was His bodhi. It is said that He shone forth

like unto a bunch of peacock's tail feathers over a tender

apertured solid-trunk of tree with big branches going out

therefrom. The body of that glorious Buddha was fifty cubits

in height. His span of life was ninety thousand years.

In that self-same Maņ̄dakappa, the Leader,

named Sujāta was lion-jawed and bull-bodied.

Difficult to defeat was he, who had no equal.

=== Piyadassī, Atthadassī and Dhammadassī Buddhas === 1.66. In the wake of His demise, eighteen hundred

aeons(kappa) later, three Buddhas arose in a single aeon (kappa):

Piyadassī, Atthadassī and Dhammadassī. There were three assemblies

of disciples for the glorious Buddha Piyadassī also. In the first

assembly there were a hundred thousand crores of bhikkhus. In the

second there were ninety crores and in the third eighty crores

At that time, the bodhisat was a young man, named Kassapa, com-

pletely conversant in the three Vedas, who listened to the

religious discourse of the master, built a monastery for the

clergy, completely sacrificing his wealth of a hundred thousand

crores and established himself in the refuges and precepts.

thereupon, the Master prophesied to him that he would become

Buddha on the expiry of eighteen hundred aeons(kappa). The city

of that glorious Buddha was Anoma, by name. The king, named

Sudinna, was His father. His mother was Candā, by name. Pālita

and sabbadassī were His two chief disciples. Sobhita was the

name of His attendant at His service. Sujāta and Dhammadinna

were his chief female disciples. The Kakudha tree was His bodhi

tree. His body was eighty cubits in height. His span of life

was ninety thousand years.

In the wake of Sujāta, there arose Piyadassī of great

reputation, the leader of the world, who became

enlightened by Himself, the peerless unequal,

who was difficult to defeat.

1.67. In the wake of His demise, there arose the

glorious Buddha, named Atthadassī. There were three assemblies

of disciples for Him also. In the first, there were ninety-

eight hundred thousand bhikkhus. In the second there were

eighty eight hundred thousand and the same number in the third.

At that time the Bodhisat became a hermit, named susima, of

great magical powers. He brought an umbrella of celestial

coral tree-blossoms from the world of devas and offered it

to the Master. That Buddha also prophesied that he would become

Buddha in future. The city of that glorious Buddha was Sobhana,

by name. The king, named Sāgara, was His father. His mother

was Sudassanā, by name. Santa and Upasanta were His two chief

disciples. Abhaya was the name of His attendant at His service.

Dhammā and Sudhammā were His two chief female disciples. champaka

tree was His bodhi tree. His body was eighty cubits in height.

His bodily rays stood pervading at all times all round Him to the

extent of a league (yojana). His span of life was a hundred

thousand years.

In that self-same maņ̄da kappa, the Bull among men,

Atthadassī, having dispelled the great darkness,

attained the most excellent self-enlightenment

and became Buddha.

1.68. In His wake, later, the Master, named Dhammadassī

arose. There were three assemblies of disciples for Him also.

In the first, there were a hundred crores of bhikkhus. In the

second, there were ninety crores and in the third, eighty crores.

At that time, the Bodhisat was Sakka, king of devas, who made

offerings to the Buddha honouring Him with celestial scents and

flowers as well as, with celestial music. That Master also

prophesied to him that he would become Buddha, in future. The

city of that glorious Buddha was Saraņa, by name, The king,

named Saraņa, was His father. The queen, named Sunandā, was

His mother. Paduma and Phussadeva were His two chief disciples.

Sunetta was the name of His attendant at His service. Khemā and

Subbanāmā were His two chief female disciples. The red-sprouting,

Rattańkura, tree was His bodhi. It was also called the red

amaranth tree (Bimbijāla). His body was eighty cubits

in height. A period of a hundred thousand years was His span

of life.

"In that self-same maņ̄dakappa, Dhammadassī of

great reputation, dispelling the blinding darkness,

shone forth in the world together with the world of

devas."

Buddha Siddhattha
1.69. Subsequent to Him, on the expiry thence of

ninety four aeons (kappa), there arose in a single kappa, a

solitary omniscient Buddha only, Siddhattha, by name. There

were three assemblies of disciples for Him also. In the first

assembly, there were a hundred crores of bhikkhus. In the

second, there were ninety crores and in the third eighty crores.

At that time, the Bodhisat became a hermit known as Mańgala,

who had potent power and was endowed with strength of super-

knowledge. He brought the great Eugenia (jambu) fruit and

offered the same to the Tathāgata. The Master enjoyed that fruit

and prophesied that the hermit would become Buddha on the expiry

of ninety four aeons (kappa). the city of that glorious Buddha

was Vebhāra, by name. The king, named Jayasena, was His father.

The queen, named Suphassā, was His mother. Sambala and Sumitta

were His two chief disciples. His attendant in service was

Revata, by name, Sīvaiā and Surāmā were His two chief female

disciples. The tree Pterospermum Acerifolium, (Kaņikāra) was

His bodhi. His body was sixty cubits in height. A period of

a hundred thousand years was His span of life.

"In the wake of Dhammadassī, there arose the

world leader Siddhattha, dispelling all darkness

like unto the sun coming out of the clouds."

Buddhas: Tissa and Phussa
1.70. Later, after His demise, on the expiry, thence,

of ninety two aeons (kappa), there arose two Buddhas: tissa and

Phussa, in a single aeon (kappa). The glorious Buddha Tissa had

three assemblies of disciples. In the first assembly of bhikkhus,

there were a hundred crores. In the second there were ninety

crores and in the third eighty crores. At that time, the Bodhisat

became a king of the warrior (khattiya) clan, of great wealth and

reputation, known by the name of Sujāta. That king renounced the

world and became an ascetic. when he attained the height of

great magical powers, he heard of the appearance of Buddha.

Bringing with him celestial coral flowers, lotuses and lilies,

he offered them to the Buddha, who was then moving about amidst

the four categories of assemblies. He made for the Buddha a flow-

er ceiling in the sky. That Master also prophesied to him that

he would become Buddha on the expiry of ninety two aeons (kappa)

thence. The city of that glorious Buddha was known as Khema. The

king of the warrior (khattiya) clan, named Janasandha was His

father. the queen, named Padumā, was His mother. brahmadeva

and Udaya were His two chief disciples. The attendant in His

service was Sumana, by name. Phussā and Sudattā were His two

chief female disciples. The tree Pentaptera Tomentosa (Asana)

was His bodhi tree. His body was sixty cubits in height. A period

of a hundred thousand years was His span of life.

"In the wake of Siddhattha, there arose the

leader of the world, the peerless Tissa, who

had no rival, whose reputation was immeasurable

and whose power was endless"

1.71. Next to Him, afterwards, the Master, Phussa,

by name, appeared. He also had three assemblies of disciples.

In the first assembly, there were sixty hundred thousand bhikkhus In the second, there were fifty and in the third, thirty two.

At that time, the Bodhisat was a king of the warrior (khattiya)

class, Vijitāvī, by name, who abdicated his great sovereignty,

became a monk in the presence of the master, acquired the knowledge of the three piţaka and performed the preaching of Dhamma to the big body of people. He fulfilled the perfection in precepts also. That Buddha also prophesied to him that he would

become Buddha. The city of that glorious Buddha was Kāsi, by name. The king, named Jayasena, was His father. His mother', name was Sirimā. Surakkhita and Dhammasena were His two chief disciples. His attendant in service was Satiya, by name. Cālā and Upacālā were His two chief female disciples. Emblic myrobalan (Āmalaka) tree was His bodhi three. His body was fifty eight cubits in height. A period of ninety thousand years was His life-span.

In that self-same Maņ̄dakappa, there arose

the unsurpassable Master, Phussa, the leader

of the world, who was peerless, with no one

as His equal.

Vipassi Buddha
1.72 Subsequent upon His demise, ninety one aeons (kappa) later, there arose the glorious Buddha, Vipassī, by name. There were three assemblies of disciples for Him also. In the first assembly, there were sixty eight hundred thousand bhikkhus. In the second, there were a hundred thousand and in the third, eighty thousand. At that time, the Bodhisat because a king of dragons (nāgarājā), named Atula, who was ***************(Pg.76) mighty and of great power. That king offered as charity, to the glorious Buddha, an excellent stool, made of gold and inlaid with seven kinds of gems. That Buddha also, prophesied to him that he would become Buddha ninety one aeons (kappa) thence. The city of that glorious Buddha was Bandhumatī, by name. The king, named Bandhumā, was His father. His mother was named Bandhumatī. *********** ************** ******************* (Pg.76). His attendant in service was Asoka, by name. Candā and Candamittā were His two chief female disciples. The trumpet flower (Pāţali) tree was His bodhi tree. His body was eighty cubits in height. His bodily rays stayed always pervading an area of seven leagues (yojana). A period of eighty thousand years was His life-span.

"In the wake of Phussa, the omniscient Buddha

Vipassī, by name, who was the most excellent

among men and who possessed spiritual insight

arose in the world".

Sikhī and Vessabhū Buddhas
1.73. Subsequent to Him, thirty one aeons (kappa) afterwards, there were two Buddhas: Sikhī and Vessabhū. There were three assemblies of disciples for the Buddha Sikhī also. In the first assembly, there were a hundred thousand bhikkhus. In the second, there were eighty thousand and in the third, seventy thousand. At that time, the Bodhisat became king, Arindama, by name, who sponsored a great charity including the offering of robes to the congregation of monks, headed by Buddha. In giving away his royal elephant decorated with seven kinds of gems, he donated also that elephant load of utensils allowable to the bhikkhus. That Buddha also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha at the end of thirty one aeons (kappa) thence. The city of that glorious Buddha, however, was Aruņavatī, by name. The king of the warrior (khattiya) class, Aruna by name, was His father. His mother was known as Pabhāvatī. Abhibhu and Saŋbhava were His two chief disciples. His attendant in service was Khemańkara, by name. Sakhilā and Padumā were His two chief female disciples. The white lotus (Puņ̄darika) tree was His bodhi. His body was seventy cubits in height. His bodily rays stayed pervading an area of three leagues (yojana). A period of seventy thousand years was His life-span.

"In the wake of Vipassī, the omniscient Buddha,

the most excellent among men, the Conqueror,

called Sikhi, arose. He was peerless and had

no rival."

1.74. In the wake of His demise, there arose the M:aster, Vessabhū by name. There were three assemblies of disciples for Him also. In the first assembly, there were eighty thousand bhikkhus. In the second, there were seventy and in the third, sixty. At that time, the Bodhisat was a king, Sudassana, by name, who gave a great charity including robes to the congregation of clergy headed by Buddha. The king became a recluse in His presence and being endowed with the quality of good conduct, became full of considerable zest in abundance in the Buddha-gem. That Buddha also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha, thirty one aeons (kappa) thence. The city of that glorious Buddha was Anoma, by name. The king, named Suppatita, was His father. His mother was Yasavatī, by name. Soņa and Uttara were his two chief disciples. Upasanta was the name of His attendant in service. Rāmā and Surāmā were His two chief female disciples. The sal tree was His bodhi tree. His body was sixty cubits in height. A period of sixty thousand years was His life-span.

"In that self-same Maņ̄da kappa, there arose in

the world, that Conqueror, known by the name of

Vessabhū, who was peerless, without a rival."

Buddhas : Kakusandha, Koņāgamana, Kassapa
1.75. Next to Him, subsequently, there arose, in this aeon (kappa), four Buddhas: Kakusandha, Koņāgamana, Kassapa and our glorious Buddha Gotama. There was only one assembly of disciples for the glorious Buddha, Kakusandha. In that single assembly there were forty thousand bhikkhus. At that time, the Bodhisat was a king, named Khema, who gave a great charity, comprising begging bowls and robe-garments as well as such medicines as eye-drops etc., to the congregation of bhikkhus, headed by Buddha, listened to the religious discourse, delivered by the Master and became a monk. That Master also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha. The city of the glorious Buddha *********888(79) was Khema, by name. The Brahmin, named Aggidatta was His father. The brahmin lady, named Visākhā, was His mother. Vidhura and Sañjivan were His two chief disciples. His attendant, serving Him was Buddhija, by name. Sāmā and Cammā were His two chief female disciples. The tree Acacia Sirissa was his bodhi tree His body was forty cubits in height. A period of forty thousand years was his life-length.

In the wake of Vessabhū, there arose the omniscient

Buddha, the most excellent among men, known by the

name of Kakusandha, who was, incomparable and difficult

of defeat.

1.76. Next to Him subsequently, there arose the Master Koņāgamana. There was only one assembly for Him also. In that single assembly of His, there were thirty thousand bhikkhus. At that time, the Bodhisat was a king named Pabbata, who, surrounded by his multitude of ministers, went to the presence of the Master, listened to the preaching of dhamma, invited the congregation of bhikkhus headed by Buddha, performed a great charity, offered begging bowls, Chinese woollen garments, silk-velvet fine pieces of cloth as well as golden woollen cloth and became a recluse in the presence of the Master. That Buddha also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha. The city of that glorious Buddha was Sobhavatī, by name. The brahmin, named Yyaññadatta was His father. The brahmin lady, named Uttarā, was His mother. Bhiyyasa and Uttara were his two chief disciples. Serving as attendant to Him was Sotthija, by name. Samuddā and Uttarā were His two chief female disciples. The fig (Udumbara) tree was His bodhi. His body was thirty cubits in height. His life-length was thirty thousand years.

In the wake of Kakusandha, the omniscient Buddha,

the most excellent among men, the Conqueror

Koņāgamana by name, the eldest in the world,

the bull among men, arose.

1.77 Next to Him, afterwards, the Master, named Kassapa arose. There was only one assembly of disciples for Him also. In that assembly, there were twenty thousand bhikkhus. At that time, the Bodhisat was a young man named Jotipāla, who was proficient in the three vedas, well known on the surface of the earth as well as in the sky and was a friend of the potter, Ghaţikāra. With him, he approached the Master, listened to the religious discourse, became a recluse, of ever-ready effort, acquired the knowledge of the three piţakas, and made the dispensation of Buddha shine by being efficient in all kinds of duties and responsibilities. That Master also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha. The native city of that glorious Buddha was Benares, by name. The brahmin, named Brahmadatta, was His father. The Brahmin lady, named Dhanavatī, was His mother. Tissa and Bhāradvāja were His two chief disciples His attendant serving Him was Sabbamitta, by name. Anulā and Uruvelā were His two chief female disciples. The Nigrodha banyan tree was His bodhi tree. His body was twenty cubits in height, His length of life was twenty thousand years.

In the wake of Koņāgamana, the omniscient Buddha,

the most excellent among men, named Kassapa by clan,

the king of Dhamma, the maker of light, arose.