Susīma-Jātaka2

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Source: Adapted from Archaic Translation by H.T. Francis and R.A. Neil
JATAKA No. 411

SUSIMA-JATAKA

"In past the hairs," etc.--The Master told this tale while living in Jetavana monastery, about the Great Renunciation. The Brethren(Monks) were sitting in the Hall of Truth, praising the Buddha's renunciation. The Master, finding that this was their topic, said, "Brethren, it is not strange that I should now make the Great Renunciation and retirement from the worldly life, I who have for many hundred thousand ages exercised perfection: of old also I gave up the reign over the kingdom of Kasi, three hundred leagues( x 4.23 km) in extent, and made the renunciation," and so he told the old tale.

Once upon a time when Brahmadatta was reigning in Benares, the Bodhisattva was conceived in the womb of his priest's chief wife. On the day of his birth, the king also had a son born. On the naming day they called the Great Being Susima-Kumara, and the king's son Brahmadatta-Kumara. The king, seeing the two were born on the same day, had the Bodhisattva given to the nurse and brought up together with his own son. They both grew up fair, like sons of gods(angels): they both learned all sciences at Taxila and came home again. The prince became viceroy, eating, drinking, and living along with the Bodhisattva: at his father's death he became king, giving great honour to the Bodhisattva and making him his priest: one day he decorated the city, and decorated like Sakka(Indra), king of gods(angels), he went round the city in procession, seated on the shoulder of a royal elephant in his pride, equal to Eravana (*1), with the Bodhisattva behind on the elephant's back. The queen-mother, looking out from the royal window to see her son, saw the priest behind him as he came back from the procession: she fell in love with him and entering her chamber thought, "If I cannot win him, I shall die here ": so she left her food and lay there. The king, not seeing her, asked after her: when he heard she was ill, he went to her, and asked with respect what ailed her. She would not tell for shame. He sat on the royal throne, and sent his own chief queen to find what ailed his mother. She went and asked, stroking the queen-mother's back. Women do not hide secrets from women: and the secret was told. The queen went and told the king. He said, "Well, go and comfort her: I will make the priest king, and make her his chief queen." She went and comforted her. The king sent for the priest and told him the matter, "Friend, save my mother's life: you shall be king, she your chief queen, I viceroy." The priest said, "It cannot be " but being asked again he consented: and the king made the priest king, the queen-mother chief queen, and himself viceroy. They lived all in harmony together, but the Bodhisattva felt weak amid a householder's life: he left desires and leaned to a religious(hermit) life: careless of the pleasures of sense he stood and sat and lay alone, like a man bound in jail or a cock in a cage. The chief queen thought, "The king avoids me, he stands and sits and lies alone; he is young and fresh, I am old and have grey hairs: what if I were to tell him a story that he has one grey hair, make him believe it and seek my company? " One day, as if cleaning the king's head, she said, "Your majesty is getting old, there is a grey hair on your head." "Pull it out and put it in my hand." She pulled a hair out, but threw it away and put into his hand one of her own grey hairs. When he saw it, fear of death made the sweat start from his forehead, though it was like a plate of gold. He admonished himself, saying, "Susima, you have become old in your youth; all this time sunk in the dirt of desire, like a village pig wallowing in filth and mire, you cannot leave it: quit desires, and become an ascetic in the Himalaya: it is high time for the religious(hermit) life," and with this thought, he uttered the first stanza:-

In past the hairs were dark Clustering about my brow; White to-day: Susima, notice! Time for religion(for salvation) now!

So the Bodhisattva praised the religious(hermit) life: but the queen saw she had caused him to leave her instead of loving her, and in fear, wishing to keep him from the religious(hermit) life by praising his body, she uttered two stanzas:-

Mine, not yours, the silvered hair; Mine the head from which it came: For your good the lie I dare: One such fault desist to blame!

You are young, and fair to see, Like a tender plant in spring! Keepyour kingdom, smile on me! Seek not now what age will bring!

But the Bodhisattva said, "Lady, you tell of what must come: as age ripens, these dark hairs must turn and become pale like betel: I see the change and breaking up of body that comes in years, in the ripening of age, to royal maids and all the rest, though they are tender as a wreath of blue lotus-flowers, fair as gold, and drunken with the pride of their glorious youth: such, lady, is the dreadful end of living beings," and, moreover, showing the truth with the charm of a Buddha, he uttered two stanzas:-

I have noticed the youthful maid, Swaying like the tender stalk, In her pride of form dressed; Men are witched wherever she walk.

It is the same one I have scanned (Eighty, ninety, years have passed), Quivering, with tremors, staff in hand, Bent like rafter-tree at last.

In this stanza the Great Being showed the misery of beauty, and now stated his discontent with the householder's life:-

Such the thoughts I think over; Lonely nights the thoughts allow: Layman's life I love no more: Time for religion(for salvation) now!

Delight in layman's life is a weak stay: The wise man cuts it off and goes his way, Renouncing joys of sense and all their sway.

Thus teaching both the delight and misery of desires, he showed the truth with all a Buddha's charm, he sent for his friend and made him take the kingdom again: he left his majesty and power amid the loud cryings of kinsmen and friends; he became an ascetic sage in the Himalaya, and entering on the ecstacy (trance) of meditation, became destined for the world of Brahma(upper heaven)(upper heaven).

After the lesson, the Master explained the truths, and giving the drink of ambrosia (of gods(angels)) to many, he identified the Birth: "At that time the chief queen was the mother of Rahul, the king was Ananda, and king Susima was I myself."

Footnotes:

(1)Sakka(Indra)'s elephant.