Mahā-Maṅgala-Jātaka

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Source: Adapted from Archaic Translation by W.H.D. Rouse
JATAKA No. 453

MAHA-MANGALA-JATAKA

"Teach the truth," etc. This story the Master told while living in Jetavana monastery, about the Maha-mangala Scripture, or the Treatise on Omens (*1). At the city of Rajgraha city for some cause or another a great company had gathered in the royal resting-house, and among these was a man who got up, and went out, with the words, "This is a day of good omen." Some one else heard it, and said, "The fellow has gone out talking of "omens"; what does he mean by omen?" Said a third, "The sight of anything with a lucky look is a good omen; suppose a man rise early and see a perfectly white bull, or a woman with child, or a red fish (*2), or a jar filled to the brim, or new-melted ghee (clarified butter) of cow's-milk, or a new unwashed garment, or rice porridge, there is no omen better than these." Some of the bystanders commended this explanation; "Well put," said they. But another broke in, "No, there's no omen in those; what you hear is the omen. A man hears people saying "Full," then he hears "Full-grown" or "Growing," or he hears them say "Eat" or "Chew": there's no omen better than these." Some bystanders said, "Well put," and commended this explanation. Another said, "There's no omen in all that; what you touch (*3) is the omen. If a man gets up early, and touches the earth, or touches green grass, fresh cow-dung, a clean robe, a red fish, gold or silver, food, there's no better omen than these." And here too some of the bystanders approved, and said it was well put. And then the supporters of omens of sight, omens of sound, omens of touch formed into three groups, and were unable to convince one another. From the deities of the earth to Brahma's heaven(of ArchAngels) none could say exactly what an omen was. Sakka(Indra) thought, "Among gods(angels) and men no one but the Lord Buddha is able to solve this question of the omens. To the Lord Buddha I will go, and put the question to him." So at night he paid a visit to the Lord Buddha, and greeted him, and placing his hands together in supplication, he put the question beginning, "Many gods(angels) and men there be." Then the Master in twelve stanzas told him the eight-and-thirty great omens. And as he repeated the omen-scriptures one after another, gods(angels) to the number of ten thousand millions attained to sainthood, and of those who entered the other three Paths there is no counting. When Sakka(Indra) had heard the omens he returned to his own place. When the Master had told the omens, the world of men and the world of gods(angels) approved, and said, "Well put."

Then in the Hall of Truth they began to discuss the virtues of the Tathagata(Buddha): "Sirs, the Omen Problem was beyond the scope of others, but he comprehended the hearts of men and of gods(angels), and solved their doubt, as if he were making the moon rise in the sky! Ah, very wise is the Tathagata(Buddha), my friends!" The Master entering asked what they were talking of, as they sat there. They told him. Said he, "It is no marvel, Brethren(Monks), that I solved the problem of the omens now that I am possessed of perfect wisdom; but even when I walked on earth as Bodhisattva, I solved the doubts of men and of gods(angels), by answering the Omen Problem." So saying, he told a story of the past.

Once upon a time the Bodhisattva was born in a certain town in the family of a wealthy brahmin, and they named him Rakkhita-Kumara. When he grew up, and had completed his education at Taxila, he married a wife, and on his parents' demise, he made enquiry into his treasures; then being much exercised in mind, he distributed alms, and mastering his passions became a hermit in the regions of Himalaya, where he developed supernatural powers, and lived in a certain spot, nourishing himself upon the roots and fruits of the forest. In course of time his followers became a great number, five hundred disciples that lived with him.

One day, these ascetics, approaching the Bodhisattva, thus addressed him: "Teacher, when the rainy season comes, let us go down from Himalaya, and traverse the country side to get salt and spices; thus our bodies will become strong, and we shall have performed our pilgrimage." "Well, you may go," said he, "but I will abide where I am." So they took leave of him, and went down from Himalaya, and proceeded on their rounds till they came to Benares, where they took up their living in the king's park. And much honour and hospitality was shown to them.

Now one day there was a great crowd come together in the royal rest-house at Benares, and the Omen Problem was discussed. All must be understood to happen as in the introduction to this story. Then, as before, the crowd saw no one who could relieve the doubts of men and solve the problem of the omens; so they went to the park, and put their problem to the body of sages. The sages addressed the king, saying, "Great King, we cannot solve this question, but our Teacher, the hermit Rakkhita, a most wise man, dwells in Himalaya; he will solve the question, for he comprehends the thoughts of men and of gods(angels)." Said the king, "Himalaya, good sirs, is far, and hard to come at; we cannot go there. Will you not go yourselves to your Teacher, and ask him the question, and when you have learnt it, return and tell it to us?" This they promised to do; and when they had returned to their Teacher, and greeted him, and he had asked of the king's well-being and the practices of the country folk, they told him all the story of the omens of sight and so on, from beginning to end, and explained how they came on the king's job, to hear the answer to the question with their own ears; "Now, Sir," said they, "be pleased to make clear this Omen Problem to us, and tell us the truth." Then the eldest disciple asked his question of the Teacher by reciting the first stanza:

"Teach the truth to mortal man perplexed, And tell what scripture, or what holy text,    Studied and said at the auspicious hour, Gives blessing in this world and in the next?"

When the eldest disciple had put the omen problem in these words, the Great Being, removing the doubts of gods(angels) and men, answered, "This and this is an omen," and thus describing the omens with a Buddha's skill, said,

"Whosoever the gods(angels), and all that fathers (*4) be, And reptiles, and all beings, which we see,    Honours for ever with a kindly heart, Surely a Blessing to all creatures he."

Thus did the Great Being teach about the first omen, and then proceeded to tell about the second, and all the rest:

"Who shows to all the world a modest cheer, To men and women, sons and daughters dear,    Who to abusive answers not in kind, Surely a blessing he to every one.

"Who clear of intellect, in crisis wise, Nor playmates nor companions does despise,    Nor boasts of birth or wisdom, caste, or wealth, Among his mates a blessing did arise.

"Who takes good men and true his friends to be, That trust him, for his tongue from venom free,    Who never harms a friend, who shares his wealth, Surely a blessing among friends is he.

"Whose wife is friendly, and of equal years, Devoted, good, and many children bears,    Faithful and virtuous and of gentle birth, That is the blessing that in wives appears.

"Whose King the mighty Lord of Beings is, That knows pure living and all potencies,    And says, "He is my friend," and means no deceit That is the blessing that in monarchs lies.

"The true believer, giving drink and food, Flowers and garlands, perfumes, ever good,    With heart at peace, and spreading joy around-- This in all heavens brings blessings.

"Whom by good living virtuous sages try With effort strenuous to purify,     Good men and wise, by tranquil life built up, A blessing he mid saintly company."

Thus the Great Being brought his discourse to the highest in sainthood; and having in eight stanzas explained the Omens, in praise of those same Omens recited the last stanza:

"These blessings then, that in the world happen, Esteemed by all the wise, magnificent,    What man is wise let him follow these, For in the omens is no truth at all."

The sages, having heard about these Omens, stayed for seven or eight days, and then took leave and departed to that same place.

The king visited them and asked his question. They explained the Problem of the Omens in the same way as it had been told to them, and went back to Himalaya. From then the matter of omens was understood in the world. And having attended to the matter of omens, as they died they went each to the heaven. The Bodhisattva cultivated the Excellences, and along with his band of followers was born in Brahma's heaven(of ArchAngels).

The Master having ended this discourse, said: "Not now alone, Brethren(Monks), but in olden days I explained the Problem of the Omens"; and then he identified the Birth--"At that time, the company of Buddha's followers were the band of sages; Sariputra was the senior of the pupils, who asked the question about omens; and I myself was the Teacher."

Footnotes:

(1)No. 546.

(2)See Sutta-nipata, ii. 4.

(3)Cyprinus Rohita.

(4)Mutam must be here a corrupt form of Skt. mrstam "touched."

(5)"Brahmins of the world of Form and of No-form." Schol.