Rājovāda-Jātaka2

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Source: Adapted from Archaic Translation by H.T. Francis and R.A. Neil
JATAKA No. 334

RAJOVADA-JATAKA

"The bull through floods," etc.--This story was told by the Master when at Jetavana monastery concerning the advice to a king. The introductory story will be found in full in the Tesakuna Birth. (*1) But in this version of it the Master said, "Kings of old, Sire, listening to the words of the wise, ruled justly and attained to the heavenly world." And at the request of the king he told a story of the olden times.

Once upon a time when Brahmadatta was reigning in Benares, the Bodhisattva was born in a brahmin family. And when he came of age, he was trained in all the arts, and adopting the ascetic life he developed all the Faculties and Attainments, and took up his dwelling in a pleasant quarter of the Himalayas, living on wild fruits and roots. At this time the king being anxious to find out his defects, went about inquiring if there was any one who would tell him his faults. And not finding any one to speak to his criticism, either within doors or without, either within the city or outside it, he wandered about the country side in disguise, thinking, "How will it be in the country?" And not meeting with any one there to speak to his criticism, and hearing men speak only of his merits, he thought, "How will it be in the Himalaya region?" And he went into the forest and wandered about till he reached the hermitage of the Bodhisattva, where after saluting him, and addressing him in a friendly manner he took a seat on one side. At that moment the Bodhisattva was eating some ripe figs which he had brought front the wood. They were delicious and sweet, like powdered sugar. He addressed the king and said, "Your Excellency, I request, eat this ripe fig and drink some water."

The king did so, and asked the Bodhisattva, "Why, Reverend Sir, is this ripe fig so exceedingly sweet?"

"Your Excellency," he replied, "the king now exercises his rule with justice and equity. That is why it is so sweet."

"In the reign of an unjust king, does it lose its sweetness, Sir?"

"Yes, Your Excellency, in the time of unjust kings, oil, honey, molasses and the like, as well as wild roots and fruits, lose their sweetness and flavour, and not these only but the whole realm becomes bad and flavourless; but when the rulers are just, these things become sweet and full of flavour, and the whole realm recovers its tone and flavour."

The king said, "It must be so, Reverend Sir," and without letting him know that he was the king, he saluted the Bodhisattva and returned to Benares. And thinking to prove the words of the ascetic, he ruled unjustly, saying to himself, "Now I shall know all about it," and after the lapse of a short time he went back and saluting the Bodhisattva, sat respectfully on one side. The Bodhisattva using exactly the same words, offered him a ripe fig, which proved to be bitter to his taste. Finding it to be bitter he spat it out, saying, "It is bitter, Sir."

Said the Bodhisattva, "Your Excellency, the king must be unjust, for when rulers are unjust, everything beginning with the wild fruits in the wood, lose all their sweetness and flavour." And on this he recited these stanzas:-

The bull through floods a devious course will take, The herd of cows all trailing in his wake: So if a leader tortuous paths pursue, To lowly ends will he guide the vulgar crew, And the whole realm an age of that way regret.

But if the bull a course direct should steer, The herd of cows straight follow in his rear. So should their chief to righteous ways be true, The common folk injustice will avoid, And through the realm shall holy peace follow.

The king after hearing the Bodhisattva's exposition of the Truth, let him know he was the king and said, "Holy Sir, formerly it was due to me alone that the figs were first sweet and then bitter, but now I will make them sweet again." Then he saluted the Bodhisattva and returned home, and ruling righteously restored everything to its original condition.

The Master, having ended his lesson, identified the Birth: "At that time Ananda was the king, and I myself was the ascetic."

Footnotes:

(1)No. 521