Vibhanga-Chap.3

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Vibhanga-The Book of Analysis-As Spoken By Gotama Buddha

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Ch.3. ANALYSIS OF THE ELEMENTS (DHATU)

1. ANALYSIS ACCORDING TO THE DISCOURSES

172. [82] Six elements are: The element of extension, element of cohesion, element of heat, element of motion, element of space, element of consciousness.

173. Therein what is the element of extension? The element of extension is twofold: (It) Is internal; (it) is external. Therein what is internal element of extension? That which is personal, self- referable, hard, harsh, hardness, being hard, internal, grasped (by craving and false view). For example: head hair, body hair, nails, teeth, skin; flesh, sinews, bone, bone-marrow, kidneys; heart, liver, membraneous tissue, spleen, lungs; intestines, mesentery, un- digested food, excrement ; or whatever else there is, personal, self- referable, hard, harsh, hardness, being hard, internal, grasped. This is called internal element of extension.

Therein what is external element of extension? That which is external, hard, harsh, hardness, being hard, external, not grasped. For example; iron, copper, tin, lead, silver, pearl, gem, cat’s-eye, shell, stone, coral, silver coin, gold, ruby, variegated precious stone, grass, wood, gravel, potsherd, earth, rock, mountain; or whatever else there is, external, hard, harsh, hardness, being hard, external, not grasped. This is called external element of extension. That which is internal element of extension and that which is external element of extension ; (taking) these together collectively and briefly, this is called the element of extension. (1) [83]

174. Therein what is the element of cohesion? The element of cohesion is twofold: (It) Is internal; (it) is external. Therein what is internal element of cohesion? That which is personal, self- referable, water, fluid, viscid, viscous, cohesiveness of matter, internal, grasped. For example; bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, lymph, saliva, nasal mucus, synovial fluid, urine; or whatever else there is, personal, self-referable, water, fluid, viscid, viscous,

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cohesiveness of matter, internal, grasped. This is called internal element of cohesion.

Therein what is external element of cohesion? That which is external, water, fluid, viscid, viscous, cohesiveness of matter, external, not grasped. For example ; the juice of roots, juice of stems, juice of bark, juice of leaves, juice of flowers, juice of fruits, milk, soft curd, clarified butter, fresh butter, oil, honey, molasses, waters of the earth or sky; or whatever else there is, external, water, fluid, viscid, viscous, cohesiveness of matter, external, not grasped. This is called external element of cohesion. That which is internal element of cohesion and that which is external element of cohesion ; (taking) these together collectively and briefly, this is called the element of cohesion. (2)

175. Therein what is the element of heat? The element of heat is twofold: (It) Is internal; (it) is external. Therein what is internal element of heat? That which is personal, self-referable, fire, fiery, heat, hot, warmth, warm, internal, grasped. For example; that by which (one) is heated ; that by which (one) becomes decayed ; that by which (one) is burned up ; that by which the eaten, the drunk, the chewed, the tasted gets completely digested; or whatever else there is, personal, self-referable, fire, fiery, heat, hot, warmth, warm, internal, grasped. This is called internal element of heat.

Therein what is external element of heat? That which is external, fire, fiery, heat, hot, warmth, warm, external, not grasped. For example ; wood-fire, straw-fire, grass-fire, cow-dung-fire, husk-fire, rubbish-fire, lightning-fire (i.e., lightning), fire-heat, sun-heat, heat (generated) in a heap of wood, heat (generated) in a heap of grass, heat (generated) in a heap of paddy, heat (generated) in a heap of goods; or whatever else there is, external, fire, fiery, heat, hot, warmth, warm, external, not grasped. This is called external element of heat. [84] That which is internal element of heat and that which is external element of heat ; (taking) these together collectively and briefly, this is called the element of heat. (3)

176. Therein what is the element of motion? The element of motion is twofold: (It) Is internal; (it) is external. Therein what is internal element of motion? That which is personal, self-referable, air, airy, the inflation of matter, internal, grasped. For example; ascending wind; descending wind; abdominal wind; intestinal

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wind; wind circulating in the limbs; knife-like wind; razor-like wind ; rending wind ; in- breath or out-breath ; or whatever else there is, personal, self-referable, air, airy, the inflation of matter, internal, grasped. This is called internal element of motion.

Therein what is external element of motion? That which is external, air, airy, the inflation of matter, external, not grasped. For example ; easterly winds ; westerly winds ; northerly winds ; south- erly winds ; dusty winds ; dust-free winds ; cold winds ; hot winds ; gentle winds ; strong winds; black winds (i.e., winds accompanying black clouds); high altitude winds; wing winds (i.e., air motion caused by birds’ wings); supanna winds (i.e., air motion caused by the mythical garula bird); winds from a circular palm-leaf (fan); wind from a fan ; or whatever else there is, external, air, airy, the inflation of matter, external, not grasped. This is called external element of motion. That which is internal element of motion and that which is external element of motion; (taking) these together collectively and briefly, this is called the element of motion. (4)

177. Therein what is the element of space? The element of space is twofold: (It) Is internal; (it) is external. Therein what is internal element of space? That which is personal, self-referable, space, spatial, void, voidness, interstice, interstitial, not in contact with flesh or blood, internal, grasped. For example; aural passage, nasal passage, mouth-door; that by which the eaten, the drunk, the chewed, the tasted, is swallowed ; that in which the eaten, the drunk, the chewed, the tasted rests; that by which the eaten, the drunk, the chewed, the tasted passes out lower down ; or whatever else there is, personal, self- referable, space, spatial, void, voidness, interstice, interstitial, not in contact with flesh or blood, internal, grasped. This is called internal element of space.

Therein what is external element of space? That which is external, space, spatial, void, voidness, interstice, [ 85 ] interstitial, not in contact with the four great elements, external, not grasped. This is called external element of space. That which is internal element of space and that which is external element of space; (taking) these together collectively and briefly, this is called the element of space. (5)

178. Therein what is the element of consciousness? The eye- consciousness-element, ear-consciousness-element, nose-con-

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sciousness-element, tongue-consciousness-element, body-con- sciousness-element, mind-consciousness-element. This is called the element of consciousness. (6)

THESE ARE SIX ELEMENTS

179. Another six elements are: The element of pleasure (bodily), element of pain (bodily), element of mental pleasure, element of mental pain, element of indifference, element of ignorance.

180. Therein what is the element of pleasure? That which is bodily ease; bodily pleasure; easeful pleasant experience born of bodily contact ; easeful pleasant feeling born of bodily contact. This is called the element of pleasure. (1)

Therein what is the element of pain? That which is bodily uneasiness; bodily pain; uneasy painful experience born of bodily contact; uneasy painful feeling born of bodily contact. This is called the element of pain. (2)

Therein what is the element of mental pleasure? That which is mental ease ; mental pleasure ; easeful pleasant experience born of mental contact ; easeful pleasant feeling born of mental contact. This is called the element of mental pleasure. (3)

Therein what is the element of mental pain? That which is mental uneasiness ; mental pain ; uneasy painful experience born of mental contact ; uneasy painful feeling born of mental contact. This is called the element of mental pain. (4)

Therein what is the element of indifference? That which is neither mental ease nor uneasiness; neither painful nor pleasant experience born of mental contact; neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of mental contact. This is called the element of indifference. (5)

Therein what is the element of ignorance? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision, absence of understanding, absence of wakefulness, absence of enlightenment, absence of penetration, absence of comprehension, absence of scrutiny, absence of discrimination, absence of reflection, absence of perspi- cacity, stupidity, foolishness, absence of awareness, dullness, dense- ness, insensibility, ignorance, flood of ignorance, bond of ignorance,

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latent ignorance, [ 86 ] uprising ignorance ; the barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called the element of ignorance. (6)

THESE ARE SIX ELEMENTS

181. Another six elements are: The element of desire, element of illwill, element of cruelty, element of renunciation, element of absence of illwill, element of absence of cruelty.

182. Therein what is the element of desire? The mentation, thinking, thought, fixation, focussing, application of the mind, wrong thought, associated with desire. This is called the element of desire. Making crowded hell the downward limit, making devas of the ParanimmitavasavattI (plane) the upper limit inclusive, whatever there is in this inclusion, occurring therein, included therein, aggre- gates, elements, bases, material qualities, feelings, perceptions, mental concomitants, consciousness. This is called the element of desire. (1)

Therein what is the element of illwill? The mentation, thinking,
 * P : wrong thought, associated with illwill. This is called the element

of illwill. Or, vexation of consciousness in the ten causes of vexation, resentment, repulsion, hostility, irritation, exasperation, incense- ment, hatred, antipathy, abhorrence, mental disorder, detestation, anger, being angry, state of being angry, hatred, being hateful, state of being hateful, disorder, being disorderly, antagonism, hostility, ferocity, abruptness, absence of delight of consciousness. This is called the element of illwill. (2)

P — See above.

Therein what is the element of cruelty? The mentation, thinking, :P: wrong thought, associated with cruelty. This is called the element of cruelty. Herein a certain one hurts (other) beings with the hand or with a clod or with a stick or with a sword or with a rope or with one thing or another ; that which is similar, harassing, hurting, annoying, injuring, provoking, enraging, strik- ing others. This is called the element of cruelty. (3)

P — See above.

Therein what is the element of renunciation? The mentation, thinking, :P: right thought, associated with renunciation. This is

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called the element of renunciation. Also all good states are the element of renunciation. (4)

P = See above.

Therein what is the element of absence of ill will? The mentation, thinking, :P : right thought, associated with absence of illwill. This is called the element of absence of illwill. That which in beings is loving, act of loving-kindness, state of loving-kindness, loving-kindness that is mental freedom (from illwill). This is called the element of absence of illwill. (5)

P = See above.

Therein what is the element of absence of cruelty? The mentation, thinking, thought, fixation, [87] focussing, application of the mind, right thought, associated with absence of cruelty. This is called the element of absence of cruelty. That which in beings is being compassionate, state of being compassionate, compassion that is mental freedom (from cruelty). This is called the element of absence of cruelty. (6)

THESE ARE SIX ELEMENTS

Thus (taking) these three groups of six together collectively and briefly, there are eighteen elements.

(HERE ENDS) ANALYSIS ACCORDING TO THE DISCOURSES

2. ANALYSIS ACCORDING TO ABHIDHAMMA

183. The eighteen elements are: The eye element, visible element eye-consciousness-element, ear element, audible element, ear- consciousness-element, nose element, odorous element, nose- consciousness-element, tongue element, sapid element, tongue- consciousness-element, body element, tangible element, body- consciousness-element, mind element, ideational element, mind- consciousness-element.

1 84. Therein what is eye element? That eye which, deriving from the four great essentials, is sensitive surface, :P: this is an empty village. This is called eye element. (1)

P = See para. 156.

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Therein what is visible element? That visible (object) which, deriving from the four great essentials, is of shining appearance, :P ; this is visible element. This is called visible element. (2)

P — See para. 162.

Therein what is eye-consciousness-element? Depending on eye and on visible (objects) there arises consciousness, mind, idea- tion, heart (i.e., consciousness), lucence (i.e., consciousness), mind, mind base, controlling faculty of mind, consciousness, the aggregate of consciousness; and, depending on the aforesaid, eye-conscious- ness-element. This is called eye-consciousness-element. (3)

Therein what is ear element? That ear which, deriving from the four great essentials, is sensitive surface, :P: this is an empty village. This is called ear element. (4)

P — See para. 157.

Therein what is audible element? That audible (object) which, deriving from the four great essentials, is invisible, impingent, :P : this is audible element. This is called audible element. (5)

P = See para. 163.

Therein what is ear-consciousness-element? Depending on ear and on audible (objects) there arises consciousness, mind, ideation, heart, lucence, mind, mind base, controlling faculty of mind, consciousness, the aggregate of consciousness; and, depend- ing on the aforesaid, ear-consciousness-element. This is called ear-consciousness-element. (6)

Therein what is nose element? [88] That nose which, deriving from the four great essentials, is sensitive surface, :P: this is an empty village. This is called nose element. (7)

P = See para. 158.

Therein what is odorous element? That odorous (object) which, deriving from the four great essentials, is invisible, impingent, :P : this is odorous element. This is called odorous element. (8)

P = See para. 164.

Therein what is nose-consciousness-element? Depending on nose and on odorous (objects) there arises consciousness, mind, ideation, heart, lucence, mind, mind base, controlling faculty of mind, consciousness, the aggregate of consciousness ; and, depend-

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ing on the aforesaid, nose-consciousness-element. This is called nose-consciousness-element. (9)

Therein what is tongue element? That tongue which, deriving from the four great essentials, is sensitive surface, :P: this is an empty village. This is called tongue element. (10)

P = See para. 159.

Therein what is sapid element? That sapid (object) which, deriving from the four great essentials, is invisible, impingent, :P: this is sapid element. This is called sapid element. (11)

P = See para. 165.

Therein what is tongue-consciousness-element? Depending on tongue and on sapid (objects) there arises consciousness, mind, ideation, heart, lucence, mind, mind base, controlling faculty of mind, consciousness, the aggregate of consciousness; and, depend- ing on the aforesaid, tongue-consciousness-element. This is called tongue-consciousness-element. (12)

Therein what is body element? That body which, deriving from the four great essentials, is sensitive surface, :P: this is an empty village. This is called body element. (13)

P = See para. 160.

Therein what is tangible element? The element of extension,
 * P: this is tangible element. This is called tangible element. (14)

P = See para. 166.

Therein what is body-consciousness-element? Depending on body and on tangible (objects) there arises consciousness, mind, ideation, heart, lucence, mind, mind base, controlling faculty of mind, consciousness, the aggregate of consciousness; and, depend- ing on the aforesaid, body-consciousness-element. (15)

Therein what is mind element? Immediately after the cessation of the eye-consciousness-element that has arisen there arises con- sciousness, mind, ideation, heart, lucence, mind, mind base, controlling faculty of mind, consciousness, the aggregate of con- sciousness; and, depending on the aforesaid, mind element. Ear-consciousness-element. :P: Nose-consciousness-element. :P: Tongue-consciousness-element. :P: Immediately after the cessa- tion of the body-consciousness-element that has arisen there arises consciousness, mind, ideation, heart, lucence, mind, mind base,

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controlling faculty of mind, consciousness, the aggregate of consciousness ; [89] and, depending on the aforesaid, mind element ; also (at the time of) first advertence in all states there arises con- sciousness, mind, ideation, heart, lucence, mind, mind base, controlling faculty of mind, consciousness, the aggregate of con- sciousness; and, depending on the aforesaid, mind element. This is called mind element. (16)

P = Complete each as first example.

Therein what is ideational element? The aggregate of feeling, a gg re g ate °f perception, aggregate of mental concomitants and that invisible non-impingent material quality included in the ideational base; the unconditioned element.

Therein what is the aggregate of feeling? The aggregate of feeling by way of singlefold division: Is associated with contact. The aggregate of feeling by way of twofold division: Is accom- panied by root; is not accompanied by root. The aggregate of feeling by way of threefold division: Is good; is bad; is neither- good-nor-bad. ’.P 1 ; Thus is the aggregate of feeling by way of ten- fold division. :P 2 : Thus is the aggregate of feeling by way of mani- fold division. This is called the aggregate of feeling. (1)

P^See para. 34. P 2 = See paras. 35-61 inclusive.

Therein what is the aggregate of perception? The aggregate of perception by way of singlefold division: Is associated with con- tact. The aggregate of perception by way of twofold division: Is accompanied by root; is not accompanied by root. The aggregate of perception by way of threefold division: Is good; is bad; is neither-good-nor-bad. iP l : Thus is the aggregate of perception by way of tenfold division. :P 2 : Thus is the aggregate of perception by way of manifold division. This is called the aggregate of perception. ( 2 )

P 1 = See para. 62. P 2 = See paras. 63-91 inclusive.

Therein what is the aggregate of mental concomitants? The

aggregate of mental concomitants by way of singlefold division: Is associated with consciousness. The aggregate of mental concomi- tants by way of twofold division : Is root ; is not root. The aggregate of mental concomitants by way of threefold division: Is good; is bad; is neither-good-nor-bad. :P X : Thus is the aggregate of mental concomitants by way of tenfold division. :P 2 : Thus is the aggregate

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of mental concomitants by way of manifold division. This is called the aggregate of mental concomitants. (3)

P^See para. 92. P 2 = See paras. 93-120 inclusive.

Therein what is invisible non-impingent matter included in ideational base? The controlling faculty of femininity, :P: the nutrient factor of food. This is called invisible non-impingent matter included in ideational base. (4)

P = See Dhs. para. 595.

Therein what is the unconditioned element? The destruction of lust, the destruction of hatred, the destruction of dullness. This is called the unconditioned element. This is called ideational element.

(5) (17)

Therein what is mind-consciousness-element? Immediately after the cessation of the eye-consciousness-element that has arisen there arises mind element; immediately after the cessation of the mind element that has arisen [90] there arises consciousness, mind, ideation, :P X : and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness- element. Ear-consciousness-element. :P 2 : Nose-consciousness- element. :P 2 : Tongue-consciousness-element. :P 2 ; Immediately after the cessation of the body-consciousness-element that has arisen there arises mind element; immediately after the cessation of the mind element that has arisen there arises consciousness, mind, ideation, .P 1 : and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness- element. Depending on mind and on ideational (objects) there arises consciousness, mind, ideation, heart, lucence, mind, mind base, controlling faculty of mind, consciousness, the aggregate of con- sciousness ; and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness- element. This is called mind-consciousness-element. (18)

pi = Complete as final example. p 2 = Complete each as first example.

(HERE ENDS) ANALYSIS ACCORDING TO ABHIDHAMMA

3. INTERROGATION

185. The eighteen elements are: The eye element, visible ele- ment, eye-consciousness-element, ear element, audible element, ear-consciousness-element, nose-element, odorous element, nose-

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consciousness-element, tongue element, sapid element, tongue- consciousness-element, body element, tangible element, body- consciousness-element, mind element, ideational element, mind- consciousness-element.

1 86. Of the eighteen elements how many are good ; how many bad ; how many neither-good-nor-bad. :P: How many with cause of bewailing; how many without cause of bewailing?

P = Remaining appropriate triplets and couplets.

1. THE TRIPLETS

187. Sixteen elements are neither-good-nor-bad. Two elements sometimes are good; sometimes are bad; sometimes are neither- good-nor-bad. Ten elements should not be said to be either, associated with pleasant feeling; associated with painful feeling or associated with neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling. Five elements are associated with neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling. Body- consciousness-element sometimes is associated with pleasant feel- ing; sometimes is associated with painful feeling. Mind-conscious- ness-element sometimes is associated with pleasant feeling; sometimes is associated with painful feeling ; sometimes is associ- ated with neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling. Ideational element sometimes is associated with pleasant feeling; sometimes is associ- ated with painful feeling; sometimes is associated with neither- painful-nor-pleasant feeling; sometimes should not be said to be either, associated with pleasant feeling; associated with painful feeling or associated with neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling.

Ten elements are neither resultants nor productive of resultants. [ 91 ] Five elements are resultants. Mind element sometimes is resultant ; sometimes is neither resultant nor productive of resultant. Two elements sometimes are resultants; sometimes are productive of resultants; sometimes are neither resultants nor productive of resultants.

Ten elements are grasped (by craving and false view), are objects of the attachments. Audible element is not grasped, is the object of the attachments. Five elements sometimes are grasped, are objects of the attachments; sometimes are not grasped, are objects of the attachments. Two elements sometimes are grasped, are objects of

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the attachments; sometimes are not grasped, are objects of the attachments; sometimes are not grasped, are not objects of the attachments.

Sixteen elements are not corrupt, are objects of the corruptions. Two elements sometimes are corrupt, are objects of the corruptions ; sometimes are not corrupt, are objects of the corruptions; some- times are not corrupt, are not objects of the corruptions. Fifteen elements are without initial application, without sustained applica- tion. Mind element is accompanied by initial application, accom- panied by sustained application. Mind-consciousness-element sometimes is accompanied by initial application, accompanied by sustained application; sometimes is without initial application, sustained application only; sometimes is without initial application, without sustained application. Ideational element sometimes is accompanied by initial application, accompanied by sustained application; sometimes is without initial application, sustained application only; sometimes is without initial application, without sustained application; sometimes should not be said to be either, accompanied by initial application, accompanied by sustained application ; without initial application, sustained application only or without initial application, without sustained application. Ten elements should not be said to be either, accompanied by zest; accompanied by pleasure or accompanied by indifference. Five elements are accompanied by indifference. Body-consciounsess- element is not accompanied by zest; sometimes is accompanied by pleasure; is not accompanied by indifference; sometimes should not be said to be, accompanied by pleasure. Two elements some- times are accompanied by zest; sometimes are accompanied by pleasure ; sometimes are accompanied by indifference ; sometimes should not be said to be either, accompanied by zest; accompanied by pleasure or accompanied by indifference.

Sixteen elements are not to be abandoned either by the first path or by the subsequent paths. Two elements sometimes are to be abandoned by the first path; sometimes are to be abandoned by the subsequent paths; sometimes are not to be abandoned either by the first path or by the subsequent paths. Sixteen elements have no roots to be abandoned either by the first path or by the subse- quent paths. Two elements sometimes have roots to be abandoned by the first path; sometimes have roots to be abandoned by the subsequent paths; sometimes have no roots to be abandoned either

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by the first path or by the subsequent paths. Sixteen elements are neither cumulative nor dispersive (of continuing rebirth and death). Two elements sometimes are cumulative ; sometimes are dispersive ; sometimes are neither cumulative nor dispersive. Sixteen elements are neither of the seven supramundane stages nor of the final supramundane stage. Two elements sometimes are of the seven supramundane stages; sometimes are of the final supramundane stage; sometimes are neither of the seven supramundane stages nor of the final supramundane stage.

Sixteen elements are low. Two elements sometimes are low; sometimes are sublime; sometimes are immeasurable. [92] Ten elements have no objects. Six elements have low objects. Two elements sometimes have low objects; sometimes have sublime objects; sometimes have immeasurable objects; sometimes should not be said to have either, low objects ; sublime objects or immeasur- able objects. Sixteen elements are intermediate. Two elements sometimes are inferior; sometimes are intermediate; sometimes are superior. Sixteen elements are of no fixed (resultant time). Two elements sometimes are false (states with) fixed (resultant time); sometimes are right (states with) fixed (resultant time) ; sometimes are of no fixed (resultant time).

Ten elements have no objects. Six elements should not be said to have either, path as their object; path as their cause or path as their dominating factor. Two elements sometimes have path as their object; sometimes have path as their cause; sometimes have path as their dominating factor; sometimes should not be said to have either, path as their object; path as their cause or path as their dominating factor. Ten elements sometimes are risen; sometimes are bound to arise; should not be said to be, not risen. Audible element sometimes is risen; sometimes is not risen; should not be said to be, bound to arise. Six elements sometimes are risen; sometimes are not risen; sometimes are bound to arise. Ideational element sometimes is risen ; sometimes is not risen ; sometimes is bound to arise; sometimes should not be said to be either, risen; not risen or bound to arise.

Seventeen elements sometimes are past; sometimes are future; sometimes are present. Ideational element sometimes is past; sometimes is future ; sometimes is present ; sometimes should not be said to be either, past; future or present. Ten elements have no objects. Six elements have present objects. Two elements some-

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times have past objects; sometimes have future objects; sometimes have present objects; sometimes should not be said to have either past objects; future objects or present objects. (All elements) Sometimes are internal; sometimes are external; sometimes are both internal and external.

Ten elements have no objects. Six elements sometimes have internal objects; sometimes have external objects; sometimes have both internal and external objects. Two elements sometimes have internal objects; sometimes have external objects; sometimes have both internal and external objects ; sometimes should not be said to have either, internal objects; external objects or both internal and external objects. Visible element is visible, is impingent. Nine elements are not visible, are impingent. Eight elements are not visible, are not impingent.

2. THE COUPLETS

188. Seventeen elements are not roots. Ideational element some- times is root; sometimes is not root. Sixteen elements are not accompanied by roots. Two elements sometimes are accompanied by roots ; sometimes are not accompanied by roots. Sixteen elements are not associated with roots. [93] Two elements sometimes are associated with roots; sometimes are not associated with roots. Sixteen elements should not be said to be, roots also accompanied by roots or accompanied by roots but are not roots. Mind- consciousness-element should not be said to be, root also accom- panied by root; (it) sometimes is accompanied by root but is not root; sometimes should not be said to be, accompanied by root but is not root. Ideational element sometimes is root also accompanied by root ; sometimes is accompanied by root but is not root ; some- times should not be said to be, root also accompanied by root or accompanied by root but is not root. Sixteen elements should not be said to be, roots also associated with roots or associated with roots but are not roots. Mind- consciousness-element should not be said to be, root also associated with root ; (it) sometimes is associated with root but is not root; sometimes should not be said to be, associated with root but is not root. Ideational element sometimes is root also associated with root ; sometimes is associated with root but is not root ; sometimes should not be said to be, root also associated with root or associated with root but is not root. Sixteen elements

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are not roots, are not accompanied by roots. Mind-consciousness- element sometimes is not root, is accompanied by root ; sometimes is not root, is not accompanied by root. Ideational element some- times is not root, is accompanied by root ; sometimes is not root, is !

not accompanied by root; sometimes should not be said to be, not root, is accompanied by root or not root, is not accompanied by root. (1)

Seventeen elements are with cause. Ideational element sometimes is with cause; sometimes is without cause. Seventeen elements are conditioned. Ideational element sometimes is conditioned; some- times is unconditioned. Visible element is visible. Seventeen elements are not visible. Ten elements are impingent. Eight elements are not impingent. Ten elements are material. Seven elements are not material. Ideational element sometimes is material ; j

sometimes is not material. Sixteen elements are mundane. Two elements sometimes are mundane; sometimes are supramundane.

(All elements) Are cognizable by one way; are not cognizable by another way. (2)

Seventeen elements are not defilements. Ideational element sometimes is defilement; sometimes is not defilement. Sixteen elements are objects of the defilements. Two elements sometimes are objects of the defilements; sometimes are not objects of the defilements. Sixteen elements are not associated with the defile- ments. Two elements sometimes are associated with the defile- I

ments; sometimes are not associated with the defilements. Sixteen elements should not be said to be, defilements also objects of the defilements; [94] (they) are objects of the defilements but are not defilements. Mind-consciousness-element should not be said to be, defilement also the object of the defilements; (it) sometimes is the object of the defilements but is not defilement; sometimes should ,,

not be said to be, the object of the defilements but is not defilement.

Ideational element sometimes is defilement also the object of the defilements; sometimes is the object of the defilements but is not J

defilement ; sometimes should not be said to be, defilement also the j

object of the defilements or the object of the defilements but is not defilement.

Sixteen elements should not be said to be, defilements also associated with the defilements or associated with the defilements but are not defilements. Mind-consciousness- element should not be said to be, defilement also associated with the defilements; (it)

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sometimes is associated with the defilements but is not defilement; sometimes should not be said to be, associated with the defilements but is not defilement. Ideational element sometimes is defilement also associated with the defilements ; sometimes is associated with the defilements but is not defilement; sometimes should not be said to be, defilement also associated with the defilements or associated with the defilements but is not defilement. Sixteen elements are not associated with the defilements, are objects of the defilements. Two elements sometimes are not associated with the defilements, are objects of the defilements; sometimes are not associated with the defilements, are not objects of the defilements; sometimes should not be said to be, not associated with the defile- ments, are objects of the defilements or not associated with the defilements, are not objects of the defilements. (3)

Seventeen elements are not fetters. Ideational element sometimes is fetter ; sometimes is not fetter. Sixteen elements are objects of the fetters. Two elements sometimes are objects of the fetters; some- times are not objects of the fetters. Sixteen elements are not associated with the fetters. Two elements sometimes are associated with the fetters; sometimes are not associated with the fetters. Sixteen elements should not be said to be, fetters also objects of the fetters; (they) are objects of the fetters but are not fetters. Mind-consciousness-element should not be said to be, fetter also the object of the fetters; (it) sometimes is the object of the fetters but is not fetter; sometimes should not be said to be, the object of the fetters but is not fetter. Ideational element sometimes is fetter also the object of the fetters; sometimes is the object of the fetters but is not fetter; sometimes should not be said to be, fetter also the object of the fetters or the object of the fetters but is not fetter. Sixteen elements should not be said to be, fetters also associated with the fetters or associated with the fetters but are not fetters. Mind-consciousness-element should not be said to be, fetter also associated with the fetters; (it) sometimes is associated with the fetters but is not fetter; sometimes should not be said to be, asso- ciated with the fetters but is not fetter. Ideational element some- times is fetter also associated with the fetters ; sometimes is asso- ciated with the fetters but is not fetter; sometimes should not be said to be, fetter also associated with the fetters or associated with the fetters but is not fetter. Sixteen elements are not associated with the fetters, are objects of the fetters, [95] Two elements sometimes

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are not associated with the fetters, are objects of the fetters; sometimes are not associated with the fetters, are not objects of the fetters ; sometimes should not be said to be, not associated with the fetters, are objects of the fetters or not associated with the fetters, are not objects of the fetters. (4)

Seventeen elements are not ties. Ideational element sometimes is tie; sometimes is not tie. Sixteen elements are objects of the ties. Two elements sometimes are objects of the ties; sometimes are not objects of the ties. Sixteen elements are not associated with the ties. Two elements sometimes are associated with the ties; sometimes are not associated with the ties. Sixteen elements should not be said to be, ties also objects of the ties; (they) are objects of the ties but are not ties. Mind-consciousness-element should not be said to be, tie also the object of the ties ; (it) sometimes is the object of the ties but is not tie; sometimes should not be said to be, the object of the ties but is not tie. Ideational element sometimes is tie also the object of the ties; sometimes is the object of the ties but is not tie; sometimes should not be said to be, tie also the object of the ties or the object of the ties but is not tie. Sixteen elements should not be said to be, ties also associated with the ties or asso- ciated with the ties but are not ties. Mind-consciousness-element should not be said to be, tie also associated with the ties ; (it) some- times is associated with the ties but is not tie ; sometimes should not be said to be, associated with the ties but is not tie. Ideational element sometimes is tie also associated with the ties; sometimes is associated with the ties but is not tie; sometimes should not be said to be, tie also associated with the ties or associated with the ties but is not tie. Sixteen elements are not associated with the ties, are objects of the ties. Two elements sometimes are not associated with the ties, are objects of the ties; sometimes are not associated with the ties, are not objects of the ties; sometimes should not be said to be, not associated with the ties, are objects of the ties or not associated with the ties, are not objects of the ties. (5) Seventeen elements are not floods. :P: Are not bonds. :P: Are not hindrances. Ideational element sometimes is hindrance; sometimes is not hindrance. Sixteen elements are objects of the hindrances. Two elements sometimes are objects of the hindrances ; sometimes are not objects of the hindrances. Sixteen elements are not associated with the hindrances. Two elements sometimes are associated with the hindrances ; sometimes are not associated with 7 *

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the hindrances. Sixteen elements should not be said to be, hin- drances also objects of the hindrances ; (they) are objects of the hin- drances but are not hindrances. Mind-consciousness-element should not be said to be, hindrance also the object of the hindrances ; (it) sometimes is the object of the hindrances but is not hindrance; sometimes should not be said to be, the object of the hindrances but is not hindrance. Ideational element sometimes is hindrance also the object of the hindrances; sometimes is the object of the hindrances but is not hindrance ; sometimes should not be said to be, hindrance also the object of the hindrances or the object of the hindrances but is not hindrance.' Sixteen elements should not be said to be, hind- rance also associated with the hindrances or associated with the hindrances but are not hindrances. Mind-consciousness-element should not be said to be, hindrance also associated with the hin- drances; (it) sometimes is associated with the hindrances but is not hindrance; sometimes should not be said to be, associated with the hindrances but is not hindrance. Ideational element sometimes is hindrance also associated with the hindrances; sometimes is associated with the hindrances but is not hindrance; sometimes should not be said to be, hindrance also associated with the hin- drances or associated with the hindrances but is not hindrance. Sixteen elements are not associated with the hindrances, are objects of the hindrances. Two elements sometimes are not associated with the hindrances, are objects of the hindrances; sometimes are not associated with the hindrances, are not objects of the hindrances ; sometimes should not be said to be, not associated with the hindrances, are objects of the hindrances or not associated with the hindrances, are not objects of the hindrances. (8)

P = Complete as for hindrances.

Seventeen elements are not perversions. Ideational element sometimes is perversion; sometimes is not perversion. Sixteen elements are objects of the perversions. Two elements sometimes are objects of the perversions; sometimes are not objects of the perversions. Sixteen elements are not associated with the perver- sions. Mind-consciousness-element sometimes is associated with the perversions; sometimes is not associated with the perver- sions. Ideational element sometimes is associated with the per- versions ; sometimes is not associated with the perversions ; some- times should not be said to be, associated with the perversions

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or not associated with the perversions. Sixteen elements should not be said to be, perversions also objects of the perversions ; (they) are objects of the perversions but are not perversions. Mind- consciousness-element should not be said to be, perversion also the object of the perversions; (it) sometimes is the object of the perversions but is not perversion; sometimes should not be said to be, the object of the perversions but is not perversion. Ideational element sometimes is perversion also the object of the perversions; sometimes is the object of the perversions but is not perversion; sometimes should not be said to be, perversion also the object of the perversions or the object of the perversions but is not perversion. Sixteen elements are not associated with the perversions, are objects of the perversions. Two elements sometimes are not associated with the perversions, are objects of the perversions; sometimes are not associated with the perversions, are not objects of the perversions ; sometimes should not be said to be, not asso- ciated with the perversions, are objects of the perversions or not associated with the perversions, are not objects of the perversions.

( 9 )

Ten elements have no objects. Seven elements have objects. Ideational element sometimes has an object; sometimes has no object. Seven elements are consciousness. Eleven elements are not consciousness. Seventeen elements are not mental concomitants. Ideational element sometimes is mental concomitant; sometimes is not mental concomitant. Ten elements are not associated with con- sciousness. Ideational element sometimes is associated with consciousness; sometimes is not associated with consciousness. Seven elements should not be said to be, associated with conscious- ness or not associated with consciousness. Ten elements are conjoined with consciousness. Ideational element sometimes is conjoined with consciousness; sometimes is not conjoined with consciousness. Seven elements should not be said to be, conjoined with consciousness or not conjoined with consciousness.

Twelve elements are not generated by consciousness. Six elements sometimes are generated by consciousness ; sometimes are not generated by consciousness. [96] Seventeen elements are not co-existent with consciousness. Ideational element sometimes is co-existent with consciousness ; sometimes is not co-existent with consciousness. Seventeen elements do not accompany conscious- ness. Ideational element sometimes accompanies consciousness;

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sometimes does not accompany consciousness. Seventeen elements are not conjoined with, not generated by consciousness. Ideational element sometimes is conjoined with, generated by consciousness; sometimes is not conjoined with, not generated by consciousness. Seventeen elements are not conjoined with, not generated by, not co-existent with consciousness. Ideational element sometimes is conjoined with, generated by, co-existent with consciousness; sometimes is not conjoined with, generated by, co-existent with consciousness. Seventeen elements are not conjoined with, not generated by, do not accompany consciousness. Ideational element sometimes is conjoined with, generated by, accompanies conscious- ness ; sometimes is not conjoined with, not generated by, does not accompany consciousness. Twelve elements are internal. Six elements are external. (10)

Nine elements are derived. Eight elements are not derived. Ideational element sometimes is derived; sometimes is not derived. Ten elements are grasped (by craving and false view). Audible element is not grasped. Seven elements sometimes are grasped; sometimes are not grasped. Seventeen elements are not attach- ments. Ideational element sometimes is attachment; sometimes is not attachment. Sixteen elements are objects of the attachments. Two elements sometimes are objects of the attachments; some- times are not objects of the attachments. Sixteen elements are not associated with the attachments. Two elements sometimes are associated with the attachments; sometimes are not associated with the attachments. Sixteen elements should not be said to be, attach- ments also objects of the attachments; (they) are objects of the attachments but are not attachments. Mind-consciousness-element should not be said to be, attachment also the object of the attach- ments; (it) sometimes is the object of the attachments but is not attachment; sometimes should not be said to be, the object of the attachments but is not attachment. Ideational element some- times is attachment also the object of the attachments; sometimes is the object of the attachments but is not attachment; sometimes should not be said to be, attachment also the object of the attach- ments or the object of the attachments but is not attachment.

Sixteen elements should not be said to be, attachments also associated with the attachments or associated with the attachments but are not attachments. Mind-consciousness-element should not be said to be, attachment also associated with the attachments; (it)

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sometimes is associated with the attachments but is not attach- ment; sometimes should not be said to be, associated with the attachments but is not attachment. Ideational element sometimes is attachment also associated with the attachments ; sometimes is associated with the attachments but is not attachment ; sometimes should not be said to be, attachment also associated with the attachments or associated with the attachments but is not attach- ment. Sixteen elements are not associated with the attachments, are objects of the attachments. Two elements sometimes are not associated with the attachments, are objects of the attachments; sometimes are not associated with the attachments, are not objects of the attachments; sometimes should not be said to be, not associated with the attachments, are objects of the attachments or not associated with the attachments, are not objects of the attach- ments. (11)

Seventeen elements are not corruptions. Ideational element sometimes is corruption; sometimes is not corruption. Sixteen elements are objects of the corruptions. Two elements sometimes are objects of the corruptions; sometimes are not objects of the corruptions. Sixteen elements are not corrupt. Two elements sometimes are corrupt ; sometimes are not corrupt. Sixteen elements are not associated with the corruptions. Two elements sometimes are associated with the corruptions ; sometimes are not associated with the corruptions. Sixteen elements should not be said to be, corruptions also objects of the corruptions; (they) are objects of the corruptions but are not corruptions. Mind-consciousness- element should not be said to be, corruption also the object of the corruptions; (it) sometimes is the object of the corruptions but is not corruption; sometimes should not be said to be, the object of the corruptions but is not corruption. Ideational element sometimes is corruption also the object of the corruptions; some- times is the object of the corruptions but is not corruption; sometimes should not be said to be, corruption also the object of the corruptions or the object of the corruptions but is not corrup- tion.

Sixteen elements should not be said to be, corruptions also corrupt or corrupt but are not corruptions. Mind-consciouness- element should not be said to be, corruption also corrupt; (it) sometimes is corrupt but is not corruption ; sometimes should not be said to be, corrupt but is not corruption. Ideational element

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sometimes is corruption also corrupt ; sometimes is corrupt but is not corruption; sometimes should not be said to be, corruption also corrupt or corrupt but is not corruption. Sixteen elements should not be said to be, corruptions also associated with the corruptions or associated with the corruptions but are not corrup- tions. [97] Mind-consciousness-element should not be said to be, corruption also associated with the corruptions ; (it) sometimes is associated with the corruptions but is not corruption; sometimes should not be said to be, associated with the corruptions but is not corruption. Ideational element sometimes is corruption also associated with the corruptions ; sometimes is associated with the corruptions but is not corruption; sometimes should not be said to be, corruption also associated with the corruptions or associated with the corruptions but is not corruption. Sixteen elements are not associated with the corruptions, are objects of the corruptions. Two elements sometimes are not associated with the corruptions, are objects of the corruptions; sometimes are not associated with the corruptions, are not objects of the corruptions; sometimes should not be said to be, not associated with the corruptions, are objects of the corruptions or not associated with the corruptions, are not objects of the corruptions. (12)

Sixteen elements are not to be abandoned by the first path. Two elements sometimes are to be abandoned by the first path; some- times are not to be abandoned by the first path. Sixteen elements are not to be abandoned by the subsequent paths. Two elements sometimes are to be abandoned by the subsequent paths; some- times are not to be abandoned by the subsequent paths. Sixteen elements have no roots to be abandoned by the first path. Two elements sometimes have roots to be abandoned by the first path ; sometimes have no roots to be abandoned by the first path. Sixteen elements have no roots to be abandoned by the subsequent paths. Two elements sometimes have roots to be abandoned by the subsequent paths; sometimes have no roots to be abandoned by the subsequent paths.

Fifteen elements are without initial application. Mind element is accompanied by initial application. Two elements sometimes are accompanied by initial application; sometimes are without initial application. Fifteen elements are without sustained application. Mind element is accompanied by sustained application. Two elements sometimes are accompanied by sustained application;

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sometimes are without sustained application. Sixteen elements are without zest. Two elements sometimes are with zest; sometimes are without zest. Sixteen elements are not accompanied by zest. Two elements sometimes are accompanied by zest; sometimes are not accompanied by zest. Fifteen elements are not accompanied by pleasure. Three elements sometimes are accompanied by pleasure; sometimes are not accompanied by pleasure. Eleven elements are not accompanied by indifference. Five elements are accompanied by indifference. Two elements sometimes are accompanied by indifference ; sometimes are not accompanied by indifference.

Sixteen elements are characteristic of the plane of desire. Two elements sometimes are characteristic of the plane of desire; sometimes are not characteristic of the plane of desire. Sixteen elements are not characteristic of the plane of form. Two elements sometimes are characteristic of the plane of form; sometimes are not characteristic of the plane of form. Sixteen elements are not characteristic of the formless plane. Two elements sometimes are characteristic of the formless plane; sometimes are not character- istic of the formless plane. Sixteen elements are included (i.e. are mundane). Two elements sometimes are included (i.e, are mun- dane); sometimes are not included (i.e. are supramundane). Sixteen elements do not tend to release. Two elements sometimes tend to release. Sixteen elements are of no fixed (resultant time). Two elements sometimes are of fixed (resultant time); sometimes are of no fixed (resultant time). Sixteen elements are surpassable. Two elements sometimes are surpassable; sometimes are not surpassable. [98] Sixteen elements are without cause of bewailing. Two elements sometimes are with cause of bewailing; sometimes are without cause of bewailing. (13)

(HERE ENDS THE SECTION) INTERROGATION

ANALYSIS OF THE ELEMENTS IS ENDED