Cakka-Vāka-Jātaka

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Source: Adapted from Archaic Translation by W.H.D. Rouse
JATAKA No. 451

'''CAKKA-VAKA-JATAKA. (*1)'''

"Fine-coloured are you," etc.--This story the Master told while living in Jetavana monastery, about a greedy Brother(Monk). This man, it is said, dissatisfied with his Monk's garb and so on, used to march about asking, "Where is there a meal for the Order? where is there an invitation?" and when he heard mention of meat, he showed great delight. Then some well-meaning Brethren(Monks), from kindness towards him, told the Master about it. The Master summoning him, asked, "Is it true, Brother(Monk), as I hear, that you are greedy?" "Yes, my lord, it is true," said he. "Brother," said the Master, "why are you greedy, after embracing a faith like ours, that leads to salvation (nirvana)? The state of greed is sinful; long ago, by reason of greed, you were not satisfied with the dead bodies of elephants and other inner organs of animals in Benares, and went away into the mighty forest." So saying, he told a story of the past.

Once upon a time, when Brahmadatta was king of Benares kingdom, a greedy Crow was not content with the corpses of elephants in Benares, and of all the other animals inner organs. "Now I wonder," thought he, "what the forests may be like?" So to the forest he went; but neither was he satisfied with the wild fruits that he found there, and proceeded to the Ganges. As he passed along the bank of the Ganges, spying a pair of red Geese (*2), he thought, "Over there birds are very beautiful; I suppose they find plenty of meat to eat on this Ganges bank. I will question them, and if I too can eat their food doubtless I shall have a fine colour like them." So perching not far from the pair, he put his question to the red Goose by reciting two stanzas:

"Fine-coloured are you, fair of form, all plump in body, red of color, O Goose! I swear you are most fair,your face and senses clear and true!

"A-sitting on the Ganges' bank you feeds on the pike and bream, Roach, carp, and all the other fish that swim along the Ganges' stream (*3)!"

The Red Goose contradicted him by reciting the third stanza:

"No bodies from the tide I eat, nor lying in the wood: All kinds of weed--on them I feed; that, friend, is all my food."

Then the Crow recited two stanzas:

"I cannot credit what the Goose says about his meat. Things in the village added with salt and oil are what I eat,

"A mess of rice, all clean and nice, which a man makes and pours Upon his meat; but yet, my colour, Goose, is not like yours."

Upon that the red Goose recited to him the remaining stanzas showing on the reason of his ugly colour, and stating righteousness:

"Seeing sin your heart within, destroying humankind, In fear and fright your food you eat; therefore this color you find.

"Crow, you have erred in all the world by sins of former lives, You have no pleasure in your food; it is this your colour gives.

"But, friend, I eat and do no hurt, not anxious, at my ease, Having no trouble, fearing nothing from any enemies.

"Thus you should do, and mighty grow, renounce your evil ways, Walk in the world and do no hurt; then all will love and praise.

"Who to all creatures kindly is, nor wounds nor makes to wound, Who offends not, none offends him, against him no hate is found."

"Therefore if you wish to be beloved by the world, abstain from all evil passions;" so said the red Goose, preaching righteousness. The Crow replied, "Don't idle talk to me of your manner of feeding!" and crying "Caw! Caw!" flew away through the air to the dunghill of Benares.

When the Master had ended this discourse, he explained the truths: (now at the conclusion of the Truths, the greedy Brother(Monk) was established in the fruit of the Third Path(Trance)): "At that time, the greedy Brother was the Crow, Rahul's mother (wife of Buddha)was the mate of the red Goose, and I was the red Goose myself."

Footnotes:

(1)No. 434

(2)cakkavako, Anas Casarca.

(3)The fish named are: pavusa, valaja, munja, rohita (Cyprinus Rohita), and pathina (Silvans Boalis).