Succaja-Jātaka

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Source: Adapted from Archaic Translation by H.T. Francis and R.A. Neil
JATAKA No. 320

SUCCAJA-JATAKA

"He might give," etc.--This story was told by the Master, while residing at Jetavana monastery, with regard to a certain landowner. According to the story he went to a village with his wife to get in a debt, and seizing a cart in satisfaction for what was due to him he deposited it with a certain family, intending to fetch it later on. While on the road to Shravasti city, they came in sight of a mountain. The wife asked him, "Suppose this mountain were to become all gold, would you give me some of it?" "Who are you?" he replied, "I would not give you a jot." "Alas!" she cried, "he is a hard-hearted man. Though the mountain should become pure gold, he would not give me an atom." And she was highly displeased.

When they came near to Jetavana monastery, feeling thirsty, they went into the monastery, and had some water to drink. At daybreak the Master seeing in them a capacity for salvation (nirvana), sat in a cell of his Perfumed Chamber, looking out for their arrival, and emitted the six-coloured rays of Buddhahood. And after they had quenched their thirst, they came to the Master and respectfully saluting him sat down. The Master, after the usual kindly greetings, asked them where they had been. "We have been, Reverend Sir, to call in a debt." "Lay Sister," he said, "I hope your husband is anxious for your good and ready to do you a kindness." "Reverend Sir," she replied, "I am very affectionate to him, but he has no love for me. To-day when I asked him, on catching sight of a mountain, "Supposing it were all pure gold, would you give me some?" he answered, "Who are you? I would not give you a jot." So hard-hearted is he." "Lay Sister," said the Master, "he talks like this. But whenever he calls to mind your virtues he is ready to give you lordship over all." "Tell us about it, your Reverence," they cried, and at their request he told this legend of the past.

Once upon a time when Brahmadatta was reigning in Benares, the Bodhisattva was his minister, rendering him all due service. One day the king saw his son, who acted as his viceroy, coming to pay his respects to him. He thought to himself, "This fellow may do me wrong, if he gets an opportunity." So he sent for him and said, "As long as I live, you cannot dwell in this city. Live somewhere else, and at my death bear rule in the kingdom." He agreed to these conditions, and asking his father farewell he started from Benares with his chief wife. On coming to a frontier village, he built himself a hut of leaves in a wood, and stayed there, supporting life on wild roots and fruit. In due course of time the king died. The young viceroy, from his observation of the stars, knew of his father's death, and as he journeyed to Benares, a mountain came into sight. His wife said to him, "Supposing, Sir, over there mountain were turned into pure gold, would you give me some of it?" "Who are you?" he cried, "I would not give you an atom." She thought: "Through my love for him I entered this forest, not having the heart to desert him, and he speaks to me thus. He is very hard-hearted, and if he becomes king, what good will he do me?" And she was painful at heart.

On reaching Benares he was established on the throne and raised her to the dignity of chief queen. He merely gave her rank of title only, but beyond this he paid her no respect or honour, and did not even recognize her existence. Thought the Bodhisattva, "This queen was helpmeet to the king, not counting the pain, and lived with him in the wilderness. But he, taking no count of this, goes about, taking his pleasure with other women. But I will bring it about that she shall receive lordship over all." And with this thought he went one day and saluting her said, "Lady, we do not receive from you so much as a lump of rice. Why are you so hard-hearted, and why do you thus neglect us?" "Friend," she replied, "if I myself were to receive anything, I would give it you, but if I get nothing, what am I to give? What, I ask, is the king likely to give me? On the road here, when asked, "If the mountain were all pure gold, would you give me anything?" he answered, "Who are you? I would give you nothing." "Well, could you repeat all this before the king?" he said. "Why should I not, friend?" she answered. "Then when I stand in the king's presence," he said, "I will ask and you shall repeat it." "Agreed, friend," she said. So the Bodhisattva, when he stood and paid his respects to the king, asked the queen, saying, "Are we not, lady, to receive anything at your hands?" "Sir," she answered, "when I get anything, I will give you something. But, I ask, what is the king likely to give me now? When we were coming from the forest, and a mountain came into sight, I asked him, "If the mountain were all pure gold, would you give me some of it?" "Who are you?" he said, "I will give you nothing." And in these words he refused what it was easy to give." To explain this, she repeated the first stanza:

He might give at little cost What he would not miss, if lost. Golden mountains I give; He to all I ask says "No."

The king on hearing this uttered the second stanza:

When you can, say "Yes, I will," When you cannot, promise nil. Broken promises are lies; Liars all wise men despise.

The queen, when she heard this, raising her joined hands in respectful salutation, repeated the third stanza:

Standing fast in righteousness, You, O prince, we humbly bless. Fortune may all else destroy; Truth is still your only joy.

The Bodhisattva, after hearing the queen sing the praises of the king, set on her virtues and repeated the fourth stanza.:

Known to fame as exceptional wife, Sharing welfare and suffering of life, Equal she to either fate, Fit with even kings to mate.

The Bodhisattva in these words sang the praises of the queen, saying, "This lady, your majesty, in the time of your adversity, lived with you and shared your sorrows in the forest. You should do her honour." The king, at his words, called to mind the queen's virtues and said, "Wise Sir, at your words I am reminded of the queen's virtues," and so saying he gave all power into her hand. Moreover he gave great power to Bodhisattva. "For it was by you," he said, "I was reminded of the queen's virtues."

The Master, having ended his lesson, revealed the Truths and identified the Birth:-At the conclusion of the Truths, the husband and wife attained to fruition of the First Path(Trance):-"At that time this landowner was the king of Benares, this lay sister was the queen, and I myself was the wise councillor."