Sambula-Jātaka

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Source: Adapted from Archaic Translation by H.T. Francis
JATAKA No. 519

SAMBULA-JATAKA

"Tied to the spot," etc. This story the Master, while living at Jetavana monastery, told of queen Mallika. The introductory story is explained at length in the Kummasapinda (*1) Birth. Now by the effect of a gift of three portions of sour porridge to the Tathagata(Buddha), she that very day rose to the position of chief queen, and being possessed of faithful servants and gifted with the five feminine charms, full of knowledge, and a disciple of the Buddha, she showed herself a devoted wife. Her devotion was blazed abroad throughout the city. So one day a discussion was started in the Hall of Truth, how that queen Mallika was a faithful and devoted wife. The Master, on his coming there, asked the Brethren(Monks) what was the topic they were discussing as they sat together, and on hearing what it was he said, "Not now only, but formerly too, Brethren, she was a devoted wife"; and so saying, he told a story of the past.

Once upon a time king Brahmadatta had a son named Sotthisena, and when he had come of age the king set him up as viceroy. His chief wife, Sambula by name, was extremely beautiful, and gifted with so radiant a form that she appeared like a lamp-flame shining in a sheltered spot. In due course of time leprosy showed itself in Sotthisena and the physicians failed to cure it. When the wounds discharged, he became so hateful that in his depression he cried, "What good is my kingdom to me? I shall perish without a friend in the wilderness." And, asking them tell the king, he left his harem and departed. Sambula, though he made many attempts to stop her, refused to return, and saying, "I will watch over you, my lord, in the forest," went on from the city with him. On entering the forest, he built a hut of leaves and took up his dwelling in a shady and well-watered spot, where wild fruit was a lot. How then did the royal lady watch over him? Why she rose up early in the morning, swept out his hermitage, set some water for him to drink, provided him with a tooth-stick and water to wash his mouth, and when his mouth was cleansed, she ground various medicinal herbs and dressed his wounds, and gave him delicious fruits to eat; when he had rinsed his mouth and washed his hands, she saluted him and said, "Be earnest in well-doing, my lord." Then taking a basket, a spade and a hook, she went into the forest to gather wild fruit, and she brought and set it on one side, and fetching water in a jar, she with various powders and clay washed Sotthisena and again offered him wild fruit. And when he had finished his meal, she brought him scented water and herself ate the fruit. Then she arranged a board with a bedsheet, and as he lay down on it, she bathed his feet, and after dressing and cleaning his head and back and feet, she came and lay down by the side of the bed. In this way did she watch over her lord. One day, as she was bringing fruit from the forest, she saw a mountain cave, and putting down the basket from her head, she stood on the edge of the cave, and, stepping down to bathe, she rubbed her body all over with yellow dye and took a bath. After washing herself, she climbed up again and put on her bark garment and stood on the edge of the pool. And the whole forest was lighted up with the radiance that was shed from her person. At that moment a goblin, going on to find his prey, caught sight of her, and falling in love with her, he repeated a couple of stanzas:

Tied to the spot and trembling as in fear, Who in this rocky cave is standing here? Tell us, I request, O slender-waisted lady, Who mayyour kinsmen be, and whatyour name.

Who are you, lady, ever fair and bright, And whatyour birth that you can flood with light This grove, fit home of every beast of prey? An ogre I to you due homage pay.

On hearing what he said, she replied in three stanzas:

Prince Sotthisena, know full well, is heir to Kasi throne, And I, this prince's wedded wife, as Sambula am known.

Videha's royal son is sick and in the forest lies; Alone I tend him, mad with pain, or else he surely dies.

This tasty bit of venison I picked up in the wood, And bear it to my lord to-day, now faint for want of food.

This is followed by stanzas spoken alternately by the goblin and the lady:

What good is this sick lord of yours, O Sambula, to you? No wife, but nurse is what he craves. I willyour husband be.

With sorrow worn, a wretch sad, no beauty can I claim, If you are gladly a bride to gain, go attract some fairer dame.

Four hundred wives have I to grace my home on the hill; O lady, oblige over them to reign, and each fond wish fulfil.

Fair maid so bright with golden light, whatever is dear to you Is mine to give, so come and live a life of joy with me.

But if denied to me as bride, you are my lawful prey, And will be good to serve as food to break my fast to-day.

(That ogre grim with his seven tufts inspiring dread alarm, Found helpless Sambula astray and seized her by the arm.

Thus held by him, that ogre grim, her lustful, cruel enemy, She still deplored her absent lord, nor ever forgot his suffering.)

No grief to me that I should be this hateful ogre's prey, But that the love of my dear lord from me should fall away.

No gods(angels) are here, but absent far they flee, Nor any guardians of the world I see, To check the course of outrage and suppress All acts of unrestrained sexual vulgarity.

Then was the dwelling of Sakka(Indra) shaken by the effect of her virtue, and his throne of yellow marble showed signs of heat. Sakka(Indra), with insight, discovered the cause, and, taking his thunderbolt, he came with all speed, and, standing above the goblin, spoke another stanza:

Amongst women folk the chief in fame, She is wise and perfect, bright as flame, should you eat her,your skull be split. O goblin, into fragments seven. So harm her not; let her go free, For a devoted wife is she.

On hearing this the goblin let Sambula go. Sakka(Indra) thought: "This goblin will be guilty of the same thing again," and so he bound him with celestial chains and let him loose on the third mountain from there, that he might not return; and, after earnestly advicing the royal lady, he departed to his own dwelling. And the princess, after sunset, by the light of the moon reached the hermitage.

To explain the matter, the Master repeated eight stanzas:

Escaped from ogre, to her hut she fled, As bird returning finds its fledglings dead, Or cow, robbed of her calf, mourns an empty shed.

Thus Sambula, of royal fame, made moan, Wild-eyed and helpless, in the wood, alone.

Hail, priests and brahmins, righteous sages too, Deserted, I for refuge fly to you.

All hail, you lions and you tigers fell, And other beasts that in the woodland dwell.

All hail, you grasses, herbs and plants that creep, All hail, you forests green and mountains steep.

All hail to Night, decorated with stars on high, Dark as blue lotus of the deepest dye.

All hail to Ganges: mother of rivers she, Known amongst men as famed Bhagirathi.

Hail, Himavat(Himalayas), of all the mountains king, Huge rocky pile, overtopping everything.

Regarding her, as she uttered this crying, Sotthisena thought, "She is overdoing her crying: I do not quite know what it all means. If she were acting thus for love of me, her heart would be broken. I will put her to the test." And he went and sat at the door of his hut. She, still mourning, came to the door, and, making a low act of homage, she said, "Where has my lord been?" "Lady," he said, "on other days you have never come at this hour; to-day you are very late," and in the form of a question he spoke this stanza:

Distinguished lady, why so late to-day? What favoured lover led to this delay?

Then she made answer, "My lord, I was returning with my fruit when I saw a goblin, and he fell in love with me, and seizing me by the hand, he cried: "Unless you obey my words, I will eat you alive." And at that moment, sorrowing for you only, I uttered this mourn; and she repeated this stanza:

Seized by my enemy, I, full of suffering, these words to him did say; "No grief to me that I should be a hateful ogre's prey, But that the love of my dear lord from me should fall away."

Then she told him the rest of the story, saying, "So when I was seized by this goblin, and was unable to make him let me go, I acted so as to excite the attention of the god(angel). Then Sakka(Indra) came, thunderbolt in hand, and, standing in the air, he threatened the goblin and made him release me. And he bound him with magic chains and deposited him on the third mountain range from here, and so departed. Thus was I saved by means of Sakka(Indra)." Sotthisena, on hearing this, replied: "Well, lady, it may be so. With womenkind it is hard to discover the truth. In the Himalaya region dwell many foresters, ascetics and magicians. Who shall believe you?" And so saying, he repeated a stanza:

You bad ones are ever by far too clever, Truth among such is a great rarity, Ways of the lust are enough to perplex, Even as the course of a fish in the sea.

On hearing his words, she said: "My lord, though you do not believe me, by virtue of the truth I speak, I will heal you." So, filling a pot of water and performing an Act of Truth, she poured the water on his head and spoke this stanza:

May Truth for sure my shelter be, As I love no man more than you, And by this Act of Truth, I request, Mayyour disease be healed to-day.

When she had thus performed an Act of Truth, no sooner was the water sprinkled over Sotthisena than the leprosy straightway left him, as it were copper rust washed in some acid. After staying a few days there, they departed from the forest, and, coming to Benares, entered the park. The king, being apprised of their arrival, went to the park, and there and then asked the royal umbrella to be raised over Sotthisena, and ordered that Sambula, by ceremonial sprinkling, should be raised to the position of chief queen. Then conducting them into the city, he himself adopted the ascetic life and took up his dwelling in the park, but he still constantly took his meals in the palace. And Sotthisena merely conferred on Sambula the rank of chief wife, but no honour was paid her, and he ignored her very existence and took his pleasure with other women. Sambula, through jealousy of her rivals, grew thin and pale of composure, and her veins stood out upon her body. One day when her father-in-law, the ascetic, came to have a meal, to get rid of her grief she came to him when he had finished eating, and saluting him, sat down on one side. On seeing her in this languid condition, he repeated a stanza:

Seven hundred elephants by night and day Are guarding you, all ready for the fight, Hundreds of archers shielding you from harm; From where come the enemies to fill you with alarm?

On hearing his words she said, "Your son, my lord, is no longer the same to me"; and she repeated five stanzas:

Fair as a lotus are the maids he loves, Their swan-like voice his deepest passion moves, And as he listens to their measured strain, In his affections I no longer reign.

In human shape but like to nymphs divine, Adorned with ornaments of gold they shine, Of perfect form the noble girls lie In graceful pose, to charm the royal eye.

If I once more might wander in the wood, To collect a portion for his daily food, Once more I should a husband's love regain, And quit the court in forest realms to reign.

A woman may in softest robes be dressed, And be with food in rich abundance blessed, Fair though she be, yet if an unloved wife, Best fix a rope and put an end to life.

Yes the poor wretch on bed of straw (*2) that lies, If she find favour in her husband's eyes, Enjoys a happiness unknown to one, Rich in all else, but poor in love alone.

When she had thus explained to the ascetic the cause of her thus sadly weakening away, he summoned the king and said, "Dear Sotthisena, when you were crushed by the disease of leprosy and hid yourself in the forest, she went with you and served to your wants, and by the power of truth healed your sickness, and now after she has been the means of your being established on the throne, you do not even know the place of her sitting and uprising; this is very wrong of you. An act of treachery to a friend like this is a sin," and scolding his son, he repeated this stanza:

A loving wife is ever hard to find, As is a man that to his wife is kind: Your wife was virtuous and loving too; Do you, O king, to Sambula be true.

After he had thus rebuked his son, he got up and went away. The king, when his father was gone, called for Sambula and said, "My dear, forgive the wrong I have done you this long time. From now on I confer on you all power," and he repeated the final stanza:

should you, with wealth in great abundance blessed, Still wither away, by jealousy oppressed, I and these girls, creatures of your hand, Will be obedient to your command.

From then on the pair lived happily together and after a life of charity and good works they departed to fare according to their deeds. The ascetic, after entering upon ecstatic meditative trance, passed to the heaven of Brahma.

The Master here ended his lesson and saying, "Not now only, but formerly too, Mallika was a devoted wife," he identified the Birth: "At that time Sambula Was Mallika, Sotthisena was the king of Kosala, and the ascetic father was myself."

Footnotes:

(1)No. 415

(2)Reading katadutiya.