Pūtimaṅsa-Jātaka

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Source: Adapted from Archaic Translation by H.T. Francis and R.A. Neil
JATAKA No. 437

PUTIMANSA-JATAKA

"Why thus does Putimansa," etc.--This was a story told by the Master(Buddha) while at Jetavana monastery concerning the subjugation of the senses. For at one time there were many Brethren(Monks) who kept no guard over the avenues of the senses. The Master said to the Elder Monk Ananda, "I must admonish these Brethren," and owing to their want of self-restraint he called together the assembly of the Brethren, and seated in the middle of a richly-decorated couch he thus addressed them: "Brethren, it is not right that a Brother(Monk) under the influence of personal beauty should set his affections on mental or physical attributes, for should he die at such a moment, he is re-born in hell and the like evil states; therefore set not your affections on material forms and the like. A Brother should not feed his mind on mental and physical attributes. They who do so even in this present condition of things are utterly ruined. Therefore it is good, Brethren, that the eye of the senses should be touched with a red-hot iron pin." And here he gave other details, adding, "There is a time for you to regard beauty, and a time to disregard it: at the time of regarding it, regard it not under the influence of what is agreeable, but of what is disagreeable. Thus will you not fall away from your proper sphere. What then is this sphere of yours? Even the four earnest meditations, the holy eight-times path, the nine transcendent conditions. If you walk in this your proper domain, Mara will not find an entrance, but if you are subject to passion and regard things under the influence of personal beauty, like the jackal Putimansa, you will fall away from your true sphere," and with these words he told a story of the past.

Once upon a time in the reign of Brahmadatta, king of Benares, many hundreds of wild goats lived in a mountain-cave in a wooded district on the slopes of the Himalayas. Not far from their place of dwelling a jackal named Putimansa with his wife Veni lived in a cave. One day as he was moving about with his wife, he saw those goats and thought, "I must find some means to eat the flesh of these goats," and by some clever means he killed a single goat. Both he and his wife by feeding on goat's flesh grew strong and large of body. Gradually the goats diminished in number. Amongst them was a wise she-goat named Melamata. The jackal though skilful in clever means could not kill her, and taking advice with his wife he said, "My dear, all the goats have died out. We must devise how to eat this she-goat. Now here is my plan. You are to go by yourself, and become friendly with her, and when confidence has grown up between you, I will lie down and pretend to be dead. Then you are to come near to the goat and say, "My dear, my husband is dead and I am desolate; except you I have no friend: come, let us weep and mourn, and bury his body." And with these words come and bring her with you. Then I will spring up and kill her by a bite in the neck." She readily agreed and after making friends with the goat, when confidence was established, she addressed her in the words suggested by her husband. The goat replied, "My dear, all my family have been eaten by your husband. I am afraid; I cannot come." "Do not be afraid; what harm can the dead do you?" "Your husband is cruelly-minded; I am afraid." But afterwards being repeatedly begged, the goat thought, "He certainly must be dead," and consented to go with her. But on her way there she thought, "Who knows what will happen?" and being suspicious she made the she-jackal go in front, keeping a sharp look-out for the jackal. He heard the sound of their steps and thought, "Here comes the goat," and put up his head and rolling his eyes looked about him. The goat on seeing him do this said, "This wicked wretch wants to take me in and kill me: he lies there making posture of being dead," and she turned about and fled. When the she-jackal asked why she ran away, the goat gave the reason and spoke the first stanza:

Why thus does Putimainsa stare? His look dislikes me: Of such a friend one should beware, And far away should flee.

With these words she turned about and made straight for her own dwelling. And the she-jackal failing to stop her was enraged with her, and went to her husband and sat down mourning. Then the jackal rebuking her spoke the second stanza:

Veni, my wife, seems dull of wit, To boast of friends that she has made; Left in the lurch she can but sit And grieve, by Mela's are betrayed.

On hearing this the she jackal spoke the third stanza:

You too, my lord, were hardly wise, And, foolish creature, raised your head, Staring about with open eyes, Though feigning to be dead.

At fitting times they that are wise Know when to open or close their eyes, Who look at the wrong moment, will, Like Putimansa, suffer ill.

This stanza was inspired by Perfect Wisdom.

But the she jackal comforted Putimansa and said, "My lord, do not annoy yourself, I will find a way to bring her here again, and when she comes, be on your guard and catch her." Then she searched for the goat and said, "My friend, your coming proved of service to us; for as soon as you appeared, my lord recovered consciousness, and he is now alive. Come and have friendly speech with him," and so saying she spoke the fifth stanza:

Our former friendship, goat, once more revive, And come with well-filled bowl to us, I request, My lord I took for dead is still alive, With kindly greeting visit him to-day.

The goat thought, "This wicked wretch wants to take me in. I must not act like an open rival; I will find means to deceive her," and she spoke the sixth stanza:

Our former friendship to revive, A well-filled bowl I gladly give: With a big escort I shall come; To feast us well, go quickly home.

Then the she-jackal inquired about her followers, and spoke the seventh stanza:

What kind of escort will you bring, That I am told to feast you well? The names of all remembering To us, I request you to, truly tell.

The goat spoke the eighth stanza and said:

Hounds (*1) grey and tan, four-eyed one too, With Jambuk form my escort true: Go hurry home, and quick prepare For all abundance of good food.

"Each of these," she added, "is accompanied by five hundred dogs: so I shall appear with a guard of two thousand dogs. If they should not find food, they will kill and eat you and your mate." On hearing this the she-jackal was so frightened that she thought, "I have had quite enough of her coming to us; I will find means to stop her from coming," and she spoke the ninth stanza:

Don't leave your house, or else I fear Your goods will all soon disappear: I'll take your greeting to my lord; Don't stir: no, not another word!

With these words she ran in great haste, as for her life, and taking her lord with her, fled away. And they never dared to come back to that spot.

The Master here ended his lesson and identified the Birth: " In those days I was the divinity that lived there in an old forest tree."

Footnotes:

(1)Maliya and Pingiya probably refer to the colour of the dogs; Caturaksha is one of Yama's dogs in the Rigveda; Jambuka is a spirit in the group of Skanda.