Suka-Jātaka

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Source: Adapted from Archaic Translation by W.H.D. Rouse
JATAKA No. 255

SUKA-JATAKA

"What time the bird," etc.--This story the Master told while living at Jetavana monastery, about a Brother(Monk) who died of over-eating.

On his death, the Brethren(Monks) assembled in the Hall of Truth, and discussed his demerits on this fashion: "Friend, Brother So-and-so was ignorant how much he could safely eat. So he ate more than he could digest, and died in consequence." The Master entered, and asked what they talked of now as they sat together; and they told him. "Brethren," he said, "this is not the first time our friend died of overeating; the same has happened before." Then he told them an old-world tale.

Once upon a time, when king Brahmadatta reigned over Benares, the Bodhisattva became a Parrot, and lived in the Himalaya region. He was king over several thousands of his kind, who lived on the seaward side of the Himalayas; and one son was his. When his son grew up to be strong, the father Parrot's eyes became weak. The truth is, that parrots fly with great swiftness; for which reason when they be old it is the eye that weakens first. His son kept his parents in the nest, and would bring them food to feed them.

It happened one day that our young Parrot went to the place where he found his food, and descended upon a mountain-top. From there he looked over the ocean, and saw an island, in which was a mango grove full of sweet golden fruit. So next day, at the time of the fetching of food, he rose in the air and flew to this grove of mangoes, where he sucked the mango juice, and took of the fruit, and took it home to his mother and father. As the Bodhisattva ate of it, he knew the taste.

"My son," said he, "this is a mango of such and such an island," naming it.

"Even so, father!" replied the young Parrot.

"Parrots that go there, my son, have not length of life," he said. "Go not to that island again!"--But the son obeyed him not, and went yet again.

Then one day it happened that he went as usual, and drank much of the mango juice. With a mango in his beak he was passing over the ocean, when he grew worn out with so long carrying, and sleep mastered him; sleeping he flew on, and the fruit which he carried fell from out of his beak. And by degrees he left his path, and sinking down skimmed the surface of the water, till in the end he fell in. And then a fish caught and devoured him. When he should have returned, he returned not, and the Bodhisattva knew that he must have fallen into the water. Then his parents, receiving no sustenance, sorrowful declined away and died.

The Master, having told this tale, in his perfect wisdom, uttered the following stanzas:

"What time the bird without excess did eat, He found the way, and brought his mother meat.

"But once he ate too much, forgot the mean, He fell; and afterward was no more seen.

"So be not greedy; modest be in all. To spare is safe; greed goes before a fall (*1)."

When the Master had ended this discourse, he explained the truths (at the conclusion of which many persons entered the First Path(Trance), or the Second, or Third, or Fourth), and identified the Birth: "At that time, the brother(Monk) who has over-eaten was the young Parrot, and the king of the Parrots was I myself."

Footnotes:

(1)The Scholar adds the following lines:

"Be moderate in eating wet or dry, And this your hunger's need will satisfy.  Who eats with care, whose belly is not great,  Will be a holy hermit soon or late.  Four or five mouthfuls, then a drink is right;  Enough for any earnest hermit.  A careful moderate eater has small pain,  Slowly grows old, lives twice as long again."

And these:

"When sons bring meat to fathers in the wood, Like ointment to the eye, it is very good.  Thus for bare life, with weariness forspent,  He nourished him upon such nourishment."